6421例患者输血前及术前感染性指标检测的结果分析

目的对输血前患者进行乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）以及梅毒（TP）等传染病的检测,了解输血前患者传染性疾病感染情况,辨别输血所致感染是入院前感染或是医源性感染,避免医疗纠纷和医护人员的职业感染。方法采用酶联免疫法对6 421例患者在输血前进行乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、抗-HCV、抗-TP和抗-HIV检测。结果 HBsAg阳性率12.76%（819/6 421）;抗-HCV阳性率0.72%（46/6 421）;抗-TP阳性率1.83%（118/6 421）;抗-HIV阳性率0.08%（5/6 421）。男性HBsAg阳性率为15.58%（569/3 652）,高于女性的9.02%（250/2 769）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,男、女性抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP阳性检出率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论输血前患者血清4项传染性疾病指标有0.08%～12.70%的阳性率;HBV、HIV、TP感染率与其他地区大致相同;但HCV感染率明显低于其他地区。

Analysis on determination results of serum infectious makers in 6 421 patients before transfusion and operation

Objective To perform the detection of HBV, HCV, syphilis（TP） and HIV infections of pre-blood transfusion patients to understand the status of infectious diseases before transfusion and identify the patients either pre-hospital infection or iatrogenic infection in order to prevent medical workers occupational exposure and medical dissension. Methods 6 421 cases before transfusion were detected anti-HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-TP and anti-HIV by ELISA method. Results The positive rates were 12.76% for HBsAg, 0. 72% for HCV, 1.83% for anti-TP and 0.08% for anti-- HIV respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in males was significant higher than in females with statistical difference between them （15.58% vs. 9.02%, P〈0.01）. But there was no statistical difference in the positive rates of anti-HCV, anti-TP and anti-HIV between males and females（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Before blood transfusion, the positive rate of four serum infectious markers reaches to 0.08%- 12. 70%;the infection rate of HBV, TP and HIV is basically same to that in other areas; but the HCV infection rate is lower than that in other areas.