狂犬病24例病例流行病学调查分析

目的调查2009年陕西省汉中市突发的狂犬病疫情情况,分析其发病的原因和影响因素,为有效的预防控制提供依据。方法对汉中市医疗机构诊断报告的24例狂犬病病例,收集病例临床诊疗资料,开展个案流行病学调查,用Excel2003软件进行统计分析。结果 2009年3—9月,汉中市辖区毗邻的6个平川县区先后发生24例狂犬病病例,发病率为0.63/10万。24例狂犬病例中农民23例(95.83%),其中有2例(8.33%)及时接受了伤口处理并接种了狂犬疫苗,2例(8.33%)接受了狂犬病疫苗接种但不及时,20例(83.33%)未进行规范的伤口消毒处理或未进行伤口处理。24例狂犬病例均为犬只暴露,以流浪犬为主,当地犬密度为1只/10人。结论犬只饲养量大,管理工作不到位,群众对狂犬病的危害性认识不足或缺乏认知,暴露后未接受处置或处置不及时不规范是造成本次狂犬病发病的主要原因。

Epidemiological Analysis of 24 Cases of Rabies

[ Objective] To investigate the sudden outbreak of rabies in Hanzhong City of Shanxi Province in 2009, to analyze its causes and influencing factors, and provide evidence for effectively prevention and control. [ Methods] The clinical data of 24 cases of rabies diagnosed and reported by medical institutions in Hanzhong City were collected and epidemically investigated. Excel 2003 was used for statistical analysis. [ Results] From March to September 2009, 24 rabies cases reported in 6 counties and districts of Pingchuan adjacent to urban Hanzhong. The incidence was 0.63/100 000. 23 of 24 patients were peasants （95.83% ）. Of 24 patients, 2 （8.33% ） were treated by cleaning wound and vaccinated against rabies, but not in time. 20 patients （ 83.33% ） were not treated with standard wound disinfection or received not treatment. All of 24 cases exposed themselves to dogs with rabies. Most of the dogs were homeless. The dog density was 1 dog/10 person. [ Conclusion]The main causes of rabies outbreak are dog overabundance and improper management, shortage of knowledge about danger of rabies among population, and improper treatment after exposure.