新生儿重症病房噪音对新生儿听力及智力影响的探讨

目的探讨新生儿重症病房噪音对新生儿听力及智力的影响。方法将经呼吸机治疗的55例新生儿随机分为观察组28例与对照组27例。观察组使用呼吸机治疗时使用耳罩，对照组未使用耳罩。两组患儿呼吸机治疗结束后均进行脑干诱发电位、头颅B超、头颅cT及定期体检，检查听力及智能发育情况。结果观察组总听力损失率低于对照组（P〈0．05）。出生后6个月时，两组的总听力损失、轻度听力损失及中重度听力损失比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组的神经功能（NBNA）、6及12个月的精神运动发育商（DQ）值均高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），并且观察组预后不良率低于对照组。结论新生儿重症病房噪音可造成新生儿轻度听力损害，对智力发育可能有影响；而配戴耳罩可以减轻新生儿听力及及智力不良的影响。

The effect of neonatal ICU noise on newborn hearing and intelligence

Objective To investigate the effects of neonatal ICU noise on newborn heating and intelligence. Methods Fifty-five newborns in department of neonatology treated by the ventilator were randomly divided into ob- servation group（ n = 28 ） and the control group（ n = 27 ）. The observation group used earmuffs, while the control group did not use earmuffs. The brainstem auditory evoked potential, cranial utrasound, skull CT and regular medical ex- aminations including mental development tests were carried out in the children of two groups after the treatment of ventilator. Results The total hearing loss and the proportion of mild hearing loss was significantly lower in the obser- vation group than the control group（ P 〈 0.05 ）. There was no significant difference between the two groups in moder- ate and severe hearing loss（P 〉 0. 05 ）. At 6 months after birth, the differences in total hearing loss, mild hearing loss moderate and severe hearing loss were not statistically significant between the two groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The NB- NA, DQ value of 6 and 12 months were higher in the observation group（P 〈0. 05 or P 〈0. 01 ） while the prognosis rate lower than the control group. Conclusion Neonatal ICU noise can cause the mild heating damage and have in- fluence on intelligence in newhoms, while wearing earmuffs can reduce the adverse impact on newborn hearing and intelligence.