探讨肠内营养并发症的原因及预防

肠内营养(EN)自70年代末开展至今,已在外科营养学领域展示出其与众不同的优势。它是目前普遍认为简单、经济、安全和有效的营养补给方法,具有符合生理状态、监护操作方便、有助于胃肠道功能和形态的恢复等特点。对于有功能的消化道,不论年轻病人还是老年病人采用肠内营养都可获得与全肠外营养(TPN)相同的疗效;对危重的病人进行营养代谢性支持,亦可获得满意效果。本文主要介绍患者对胃肠内营养支持的并发症。如果并发症处理不当同样能增加病人的痛苦,影响疗效。临床上所见的胃肠内营养支持的并发症一般可分成5大方面[1]:(1)胃肠道并发症:恶心、呕吐、腹泻。(2)代谢并发症:输入水分过多,脱水,非酮性高渗性高血糖,水、电解质和微量元素的异常,肝功能异常。(3)感染并发症:吸入性肺炎,营养液、输液器械管道污染。(4)精神心理并发症:焦虑,消极态度。(5)机械并发症:营养管、输液管、泵方面的意外。

Enteral nutrition on the causes and prevention of complications

Enteral nutrition (EN) from the late 1970s to date, has been in the field of surgical nutrition demonstrated its unique advantages. It is now generally considered that simple, economical, safe and effective nutritional supplements, with the physiological state, guardianship easy to operate, gastrointestinal function and help shape the recovery characteristics. For the digestive tract function, whether young or elderly patients by enteral nutrition patients are available with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) the same effect;critically ill patients on nutrition metabolism of support, they will also get satisfactory results. This paper introduces the patients with gastrointestinal complications of nutritional support. If complications improper handling can also increase the suffering of patients, affecting effect. Clinical findings of gastrointestinal complications in the general nutritional support can be divided into five major aspects of [1]:(1) of gastrointestinal complications:nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. (2) metabolic complications:excessive importation of water, dehydration, one of the non-hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, water, and trace elements electrolyte abnormalities, abnormal liver function. (3) infection complications:aspiration pneumonia, nutrition, infusion devices pipeline pollution. (4) Psychological complications:anxiety, and the negative attitude. (5) mechanical complications:nutrition tubes, tubes, pumps the accident.