青岛市成人麻疹发病相关因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨青岛市成人麻疹发病的相关因素。方法 采用病例对照研究的方法，收集青岛市2002～2003年发生的全部成人麻疹病例70例和140名健康对照人群的一般社会人口经济学因素、麻疹疫苗免疫史、人口性质等信息。结果 单因素及多因素分析结果显示：病例组中无麻疹疫苗免疫史的比例明显高于对照组（x^2=26．88，P〈0．05，OR=5．12.95％ CI：2．69～9．73），按照接受免疫的次数，分为0次、1次、≥2次3个等级进行比较分析，0次麻疹疫苗免疫史与1次免疫史比较，两组的差异无统计学意义（x^3=1．86，P=0．173）；0次麻疹疫苗免疫史与≥2次免疫史进行比较显示，两组间的差异有统计学意义（x^2=45．24，P=0．000，OR=13．35，95％CI：5．80～30．71）；有1次麻疹疫苗免疫史与≥2次免疫史在两组中的分布差异也有统计学意义（x^2=26．23，P=0．000，OR=7．91，95％CI：3．37～18．59）。外来人口的麻疹发病比例明显高于本地人（x^2=21．60，P〈0．01，OR=4，06，95％CI：2．21～7．45）；单因素分析提示，两组人群经济收入水平差异有统计学意义（x^2=2．23，P〈0．05，OR=2．08，95％CI：115～3．76）。结论无麻疹疫苗免疫史人群、外来人口、低经济收入人群是青岛市成人麻疹发病的高危人群。

Study on the relative risk factors of adult measles in a case-control study in Qingdao city

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relative risk factors of adult measles in Qingdao city. METHODS: Case-control study was used to collect the information from 70 adult measles cases and 140 controls. Information would include general social and demographic characteristics, history and times regarding measles vaccination, demography of the study of population etc. RESULTS: The case group had lower proportion of measles vaccination (chi2 = 26.88, P < 0.05, OR = 5.12, 95% CI: 2.69 - 9.73) than the control group with statistical significance. The vaccination frequencies were stratified as three ranks: 0, 1, > or = 2 times for analysis. When having 0 and 1 time measles vaccination, no statistical significance was found in these two groups (chi2 = 1.86, P = 0.173), but there were statistical significance between 0 and > or = 2 times (chi2 = 45.24, P = 0.000, OR = 13.35, 95% CI: 5.80 - 30.71), 1 and > or = 2 times (chi2 = 26.23, P = 0.000, OR = 7.91, 95% CI: 3.37 - 18.59) in the two groups. It was also found that the proportion of floating population was higher in case group than that of the control group (chi2 = 21.60, P < 0.01, OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.21 - 7.45). At the same time, statistically significant correlation was found between adult measles and average family incomes (chi2 = 2.23, P < 0.05, OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.15 - 3.76) by single-factor statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: Results showed that 'without history of measles vaccination' was key relative risk factor for the adult measles while being a part of 'floating population' and those having lower incomes were among vulnerable groups.