遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌和家族性腺瘤性息肉病腺瘤的预防性干预治疗

目的 探索非甾体抗炎药（NSAID）消退遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌（HNPCC）和家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP）结直肠腺瘤的有效性和安全性。方法6例HNPCC患者,口服赛来昔布400mg／d。18例符合FAP临床诊断的患者按照随机数字表随机分为2组：赛来昔布400mg组（8例,口服赛来昔布400mg／d）,赛来昔布200mg组（10例,口服赛来昔布200mg,／d）,服药观察24个月。另外4例FAP患者不愿接受赛来昔布治疗,改服肠溶阿司匹林80mg／d（阿司匹林组）。FAP患者以息肉数目描述治疗效果,HNPCC患者按照息肉级别描述治疗后息肉的变化。由专人负责肠镜复查,第1年每3个月复查肠镜1次,第2年每6个月复查肠镜1次。结果两种剂量的赛来昔布均有消退FAP结肠腺瘤作用,服药9个月后400mg组腺瘤消退的比率为86．69％（280／323）,200mg组腺瘤消退比率为51．81％（129／249）,两组比率的差异有统计学意义。4例FAP患者服用80mg肠溶阿司匹林9个月后,37．89％（36／95）的腺瘤消退,5例HNPCC腺瘤患者治疗9个月后腺瘤消失。无论是FAP还是HNPCC结肠腺瘤,服用大剂量（400mg）药物,时间超过6个月时,14例患者中有7例发生不良反应;当减少药物剂量或换用阿司匹林后,不良反应均可逆转。赛来昔布200mg组,治疗期间无不良反应发生。结论NASID是FAP和HNPCC腺瘤干预性治疗的有效药物;赛来昔布400mg／d疗效好,但不良反应较大,国人可先以200mg／d长期治疗或400mg／d治疗6个月后以200mg／d维持;肠溶阿司匹林也有类似效果。

Clinical management of adenomatous polyposis in patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis

Objective To investigate the validity and safety of different doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in attempting to maintain the regression of colorectal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Methods Twenty-two FAP patients who were willing to receive celecoxib were randomly divided into 2 groups 400 mg/d group (n=8, taking celecoxib 400 mg/d) and 200 mg/d group (n=10, taking celecoxib 200 mg/d). Four FAP patients who refused celecoxib and selected aspirin 80 mg/d instead. Six HNPCC patients were given celecoxib 400 mg daily. The treatment lasted for 24 months in all groups. The efficacy was evaluated respectively by the number and grade of polyps by coloscopy every 3 months in the first year and every 6 months in the second year. Results Either dose of celecoxib could reduce polyps in the FAP patients,with a polyps reduction rate of 86.6%(280/323)in the 400 mg group, significantly higher than that in the 200 mg group 51.81%(129/249)of the aspirin group . In 5 of the 6 HNPCC patients the polyps completely vanished after 9 months of treatment .Side effects, such as arrhythmia, angina pectoris, and nervous headache, were observed in the celecoxib 400 mg/d group. The side effects could be reversed by decreasing the dose of celecoxib or using aspirin instead. Only one patient in the celecoxib 200 mg/d group showed side effects. Conclusion Celecoxib 400 mg daily is more effective but has more side effects. At first the patients should be treated with celecoxib 200 mg daily for a long time, or 400 mg/d in the first 6 months and then with a daily dose of 200 mg/d to maintain the treatment effects. Soluble aspirin has similar effects.