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Prevalence of urinary incontinence among elite athletes of both sexes
Authors:Elena Sonsoles Rodríguez-López  Sofía Olivia Calvo-Moreno  Ángel Basas-García  Fernando Gutierrez-Ortega  Jesús Guodemar-Pérez  María Barbaño Acevedo-Gómez
Affiliation:1. Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Spain;2. Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Spanish Athletics Federation, Spain;3. Medical Center Director, Department of Health and Sports. Spanish Agency for the Protection of Health in Sports, Spain;4. Department of Physiotherapy, Spanish Triathlon Federation, Spain
Abstract:ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among elite athletes and to compare prevalences between sexes and across different sports modalities.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in 754 elite athletes (455 women or girls and 299 men or boys). Participants completed a questionnaire to collect self-reported anthropometric measures, medical history and sport-related data, and the questionnaires International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short-Form (ICQ-UI SF), Three Incontinence Questions (3IQ) and Incontinence Severity Index (ISI).ResultsAccording to replies to the ICQ-UI SF questionnaire, 33% of the athletes had UI at a mean age of 23.75 ± 7.74 years. Prevalences were 45.1% in female compared to 14.7% male athletes (p < 0.001) such that females were 5.45 times more likely to suffer this condition. In 59.9%, incontinence was stress UI. In 30.9%, UI was described as moderate to severe (according to ISI), and quality of life related to UI was scored 4.35 ± 2.98 out of 10 (ICQ-UI SF). 22.7% reported they had experienced urine leakage while training; in 40.5% this occurred when jumping, in 19.6% while running and in 20.2% in different situations.ConclusionsThe prevalence of UI observed in elite athletes was 33%. This prevalence was greater in females and also varied according to the sport practised.
Keywords:Urinary incontinence  Prevalence  Athletes  Sport  Quality of life
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