小学生双眼屈光不均衡发育的影响因素分析

目的：研究6～12岁儿童双眼屈光不均衡发育的影响因素。

方法：于2019-12在天津市滨海新区两所小学采用整群抽样的方法选取儿童607人，平均年龄8.2±1.8岁，均进行光学生物测量(眼轴长度、角膜前表面平均屈光力)、睫状肌麻痹后屈光检查及问卷调查。

结果：纳入儿童等效球镜度为-0.11±1.63D，双眼等效球镜度差异为-0.08±0.64D，等效球镜度差异绝对值为0.41±0.49D。检出屈光参差儿童56人，非屈光参差儿童551人，屈光参差儿童和非屈光参差儿童双眼角膜屈光力差异绝对值无差异(0.30±0.34D vs 0.27±0.24D，P=0.430)，眼轴差异绝对值有差异(0.67±0.39mm vs 0.13±0.13mm，P=0.005)。多因素线性回归分析显示，每周手机/电脑使用时间、每周近距离工作时间、每周视疲劳次数、习惯阅读距离是屈光不均衡发育程度(双眼等效球镜度差异绝对值)的影响因素； 习惯阅读距离、写字时利手是屈光不均衡发育偏向(双眼等效球镜度差异)的影响因素。

结论：6～12岁儿童看手机/电脑时间长、近距离工作时间长、视疲劳次数增多、习惯阅读距离近可能引起屈光发育不均衡程度增加，写字时右利手且头部严重左偏和右偏的儿童右眼近视程度较左眼更深。

Study on the influencing factors in pupils' disequilibrium refractive development

AIM: To investigate the influencing factors of disequilibrium refractive development in children aged 6-12 years old.

METHODS: A total of 607 children with a mean age of 8.2±1.8 years old from two primary schools in Binhai New Area of Tianjin in December 2019 were selected by cluster sampling for optical biometry measurement(axial length and equivalent corneal power), cycloplegia refractive examination and questionnaire survey.

RESULTS: The childrens''spherical equivalent was -0.11±1.63D, binocular spherical equivalent difference was -0.08±0.64D and absolute value of spherical equivalent difference was 0.41±0.49D. There were 56 children with anisometropia and 551 children without anisometropia. There was no difference in the absolute value of binocular corneal power difference between anisometropia and non-anisometropia group(0.30±0.34D vs 0.27±0.24D, P=0.430). But the absolute value of axial difference was significantly different(0.67±0.39mm vs 0.13±0.13mm, P=0.005). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that weekly usage time of phones/computers, weekly close work hours, weekly visual fatigue times and habitual reading distance were the influencing factors of refractive imbalance development(the absolute value of binocular spherical equivalent difference). Habitual reading distance and handedness in writing are the influencing factors of the developmental bias of refractive imbalance(binocular spherical equivalent difference).

CONCLUSION: Children aged 6-12 years old who spend more time on phones/computers, and have prolonged close work, more times of visual fatigue and close habitual reading distance may increase the degree of refractive imbalance. Children with right-handed handwriting and severe left or right head deviation have a deeper degree of myopia in the right eye than in the left eye.