普通外科住院患者心理状态与影响因素调查

目的了解普通外科患者的心理状态及其影响因素，为临床实施心理护理提供指导和依据。方法通过对2所综合医院的普通外科住院患者和资深护士的访谈以及参考以往的心理量袁，自行编制普通外科患者心理状况调查问卷，对306例普通外科住院患者进行问卷调查。结果普通外科患者的心理问题主要来自5个方面，即焦虑与抑郁状态、对手术与治疗的恐惧、机体功能下降、逃避现实和对预后的忧虑。其中对预后的忧虑评分最高；女性对手术与治疗的恐惧程度显著高于男性（P〈0.01）；癌症患者的焦虑与抑郁程度显著高于非癌症患者（P〈0．01）。结论影响普通外科患者心理状态的首要因素是对预后的忧虑，女性患者对手术或治疗的恐惧体验比男性强烈，癌症患者更为焦虑、抑郁。需针对不同人群采取相应的心理干预措施。

Study on Mental Status and Influencing Factors in Inpatients in a Department of General Surgery

Objective To explore the mental status and influencing factor of in patients in a departments of general surgery, and to provide information for the mental care in clinical practice. Methods By interviewing the patients and the senior nurses in a department of general surgery, and by referring to the existing scales of mental status, a self-designed questionnaire was developed and used to conduct a survey in 306 inpatients from the department of general surgery. Results Five main mental problems were identified in the patients in the department of general surgery, including anxiety and depression, fear of operation, impaired body-functions, escaping from reality and worries about the prognosis of the disease. The worries about the prognosis of the disease had the highest score. The score of fear of operation was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0.01). There were significant differences between cancer patients and non-cancer patients in anxiety and depression (P<0.01). Conclusion The main mental problem of general surgery patients was worries about the prognosis of disease. The fear of the treatment was stronger in women than in men. Cancer patients were more anxious and depressed and need psychological intervention accordingly.