家庭功能、社会支持对社区老年人居家不出的影响

摘 要：目的调查社区老年人居家不出现状并分析其影响因素，为制定有针对性的干预措施提供基础依据。方法 2019年2—9月，采用整群抽样法选取唐山市社区60岁及以上的老年人为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、家庭功能量表、领悟社会支持量表及居家不出量表对其进行调查。结果 共调查老年人836例，其中，居家不出老年人129例（15.43% ）。836例老年人家庭功能平均得分（158.95±21.01）分，社会支持平均得分（61.67±11.61）分。回归分析显示，年龄、性别、文化程度、月收入、婚姻状况、慢性病数量、家庭功能、社会支持均为老年人居家不出的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 社区老年人居家不出情况发生率较高，家庭功能和社会支持均处于较低水平，应加强家庭与社会的支持，从而降低社区老年人居家不出的风险。

The influence of family function and social support on the elderly housebound in community

Abstract: Objective To investigate the status quo of elderly people staying at home in community and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for the development of targeted intervention measures.Methods From February to September 2019, the elderly aged 60 and above in Tangshan community were selected by cluster sampling method. They were investigated by general data questionnaire, Family function scale, perceived social support scale and home inability scale. Results A total of 836 cases of elderly were investigated, among which 129 cases (15.43%) did not leave home. The average score of family function and social support was 158.95±21.01 and 61.67±11.61, respectively. Regression analysis showed that age, gender, education level, monthly income, marital status, number of chronic diseases, family function and social support were the influencing factors for the elderly staying at home (P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence rate of homebound elderly in community is high, and family function and social support are at a low level. Therefore, family and social support should be strengthened to reduce the risk of homebound elderly in community.