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Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional ultrasound for fetal nasal bone evaluation in the second trimester |
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| Authors: | P. Papasozomenou A. P. Athanasiadis M. Zafrakas E. Panteris A. Loufopoulos E. Assimakopoulos |
| Affiliation: | 1. 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,;2. Prenatal Diagnostic Center of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,;3. School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, and;4. School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, and;5. 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hippokratio Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;6. 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, |
| Abstract: | Objectives: To compare two-dimensional with three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of the fetal nasal bone in the second trimester. Methods: A prospective, non-interventional study was conducted, in 55 singleton fetuses, between 18 and 24 weeks’ gestation. Fetal nasal bone length was measured in the midsagittal plane by two-dimensional imaging and in the midsagittal and coronal plane with three-dimensional ultrasound. All three measurements were compared with one another using one-way repeated samples-measures ANOVA and paired samples t-test. Results: The average fetal nasal bone length (mean?±?SD) as determined by the three methods was 7.01?±?0.94?mm for the two-dimensional midsagittal, 6.96?±?1.34?mm for the three-dimensional midsagittal, and 6.98?±?1.32?mm for the three-dimensional coronal plane; comparisons between one another were not statistically significant. Unilateral hypoplasia and bifid shape of the fetal nasal bone were detected in 8.2% and 20.4% of cases, respectively, by three-dimensional ultrasound, whereas all cases evaded detection with two-dimensional ultrasound (p?p?=?0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Fetal nasal bone length measured with two-dimensional ultrasound does not differ significantly from three-dimensional measurements. However, three-dimensional ultrasound is superior in detecting unilateral nasal bone hypoplasia or absence and in assessing fetal nasal bone shape. Hence, fetal nasal bone examination in the second trimester should include three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation. |
| Keywords: | Fetal nasal bone gestational age second trimester three-dimensional ultrasound two-dimensional ultrasound |