Dietary advices on carbohydrate intake for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes |
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Authors: | Ann B Roskjær Jens Rikardt Andersen Helle Ronneby Peter Damm Elisabeth R Mathiesen |
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Institution: | 1. Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes,;2. Department of Endocrinology,;3. Nutrition Unit,;4. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports and;5. Nutrition Unit,;6. Department of Obstetrics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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Abstract: | The impact of the quality and quantity of carbohydrate intake on glycaemic control and pregnancy outcome was evaluated with focus on pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. For women with type 1 diabetes, a gestational weight gain within the lower range of the guidelines of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) is generally recommended. A low-glycaemic index diet is considered safe, and has shown, positive effects on the glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes for both healthy women, those with type 2 diabetic and gestational diabetes (GDM). In general, carbohydrate counting does improve glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes. A moderately low carbohydrate diet with a carbohydrate content of 40% of the calories results in better glycaemic control and comparable obstetric outcomes in type 2 diabetes and GDM when compared to a diet with a higher carbohydrate content, and is regarded safe in diabetic pregnancy. In type 1 diabetes pregnancy, a moderately low carbohydrate diet with 40% carbohydrates has been suggested; however, a minimum intake of 175?g carbohydrate daily is recommended. Despite limited evidence the combination of a low-glycaemic index diet with a moderately low carbohydrate intake, using carbohydrate counting can be recommended for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. |
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Keywords: | Carbohydrate carbohydrate counting glycaemic index low-carbohydrate-diet pregnancy type 1 diabetes |
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