血管襻骨膜内腓骨组合移植修复负重长段骨缺损的实验研究

目的　研究血管袢骨膜内腓骨组合移植修复负重长段粗骨缺损临床应用可行性。　方法　健康新西兰大白兔 72 只,随机分为 3 组。A组:单腓移植组;B组:骨膜外双腓骨组合移植组;C组:骨膜内双腓骨组合移植组。制成胫骨中上段骨缺损 10 0 mm,采用 3 种手术方式,术后 2、4、8、12、16周分别拍X线片及测定血清碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨密度及组织学、生物力学检查。　结果　X线结果显示,C组较A、B组骨痂增加明显,骨小梁排列整齐,移植腓骨明显增粗。术后 4 周血清 ALP:A组 (91 .6±9. 2)、B组 (11.4 9±5 .1)、C组 (136 6±3 9);血清 BGP:A组(3. 90±1. 02)、B组 (4. 69±0. 58)、C组 (5 .84±0. 98);骨密度:A组 (0. 179±0 .03)、B组(0. 286±0 .04)、C组 (0. 301±0. 07),C组较A组、B组差异均有统计学意义(P<0 01)。组织学检查C组较A、B组骨痂形成早、成熟早,骨小梁排列整齐,两腓骨形成一体,髓腔再通。成骨量:A组 (398±4 0)、B组 (41. 7±2 .3)、C组(49. 2±5 .7),C组与A、B组比较,P<0. 05。生物力学测试,移植骨平均最大载荷、最大扭距及剪切应力,C组均大于A、B组。　结论　血管袢骨膜内腓骨组合移植是治疗负重长段粗骨缺损较为理想的手术方式。

An experiment of repairing long and thick and burnden bone defects by two fibula compound transplantation under periosteum with vascular loop

Objective To study the effect of operation on transplanted fibula healing,which repaired long and thick and burnden bone defects by two fibula compound transplanation under periosteum with vascular loop. Methods Seventy-two healthy rabbits were divided randomly into three groups.Group A is the mono-fibular transplanation group;group B,the double fibular transplanation extra-periosteum and group C,the double fibular transplanation under-periosteum.Each group consisted of 24 rabbits.Animal models of 10mm tibial defects were established and three operation patterns were performed.the serum were obtained to determine the level of ALP and BGP bone and mineral density and biomechanic index at 2,4,8,12,16 weeks.4 rabbits of each group were examined roentgenographically and histologically.the condition of the bone healing and contour were observed.The different effects of each operation were compared with such observation index. Results The X-ray showed that the area of the external callus were larger in C groups than that in A,B and eht bone trabecula were in order,the fibula showed significant bone hypertrophy.the serum ALP,BGP and mineral density level were higher in C group than that in A,B.the difference has statistical significance (P<0.05).The biomechanical index of the average maximal load,torque,shearing stress of the transplanted bone in C group were all larger than those in A,B group.The difference had statistical significance (P<0.01). Compared with quantitative analysis of histological examination showed that the bone trabecula were in order,the two fibula were healed in one and the fibular medullary cavity were recanalized.the volume of new bone were higher in the groups C than that in A,B group. The bone was healed in the clinic. Conclusion The two compound fibula with vascular loop under periosteum used to repair long, thick and burnden bone defects is a satisfactory method in the clinic.