106例极低及超低出生体质量儿的相关并发症及转归分析

目的 了解极低出生体质量儿及超低出生体质量儿的相关并发症及转归,为提高其治愈率及生活质量提供基础资料.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月1日-2016年7月31日期间安徽省妇幼保健院新生儿科治疗的106例极低及超低出生体质量儿的临床资料.结果 106例极低及超低出生体质量儿均存在一种或多种并发症,如呼吸暂停、血糖异常、贫血、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)、院内感染、早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)等.呼吸暂停、院内感染、RDS的发生率在三胎龄组中不同,血糖异常和RDS的发生率在三体质量组中不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).<28周胎龄组呼吸暂停发生率比32~36周胎龄组高,32~36周胎龄组院内感染发生率比28~<32周胎龄组高,32~36周胎龄组RDS发生率比另两组低,<1000 g体质量组RDS发生率比另两组高.上述均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).胎龄越小,体质量越低,转归越差.106例患儿中67例治愈出院,14例好转出院,19例放弃治疗,4例转院,2例死亡.结论 极低及超低出生体质量儿易发生各种并发症,应重点监护,早期发现、及时处理可提高极低出生体质量儿的存活率及生活质量.

Analysis of complications and outcomes of 106 very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight infants

Objective To understand the complications and outcomes of 106 very low birth weight infants(VLBWI)and extremely low birth weight infants(ELBWI),and to provide the basic data for increasing the cure rate of complications and improve the quality of life.Methods 106 VLBWI and ELBWI admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to July 2016 were recruited and their clinical data were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.Results All of the 106 very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight in-fants had at least one complication,including apnea,abnormal blood glucose,anemia,retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),hospital-acquired infection,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS),etc.The distribution of apnea,hospital-acquired infection,RDS incidence in the gestational age groups and abnormal blood glucose and RDS incidence in the body weight groups was significantly different.The in-cidence of apnea in <28 week gestational age group was higher than that in the 32-36 week gestational age group.The incidence of hos-pital-acquired infection in the 32-36 week gestational age group was higher than that in the 28-<32 week gestational age group.The in-cidence of RDS in 32-36 week was lower than that in the other two groups.The incidence of RDS in <1 000 g weight group was higher than that in the other two groups.The above differences were statistically significant.The prognosis was significantly associated with the younger gestational age and the lower birth weight.Of the 106 patients,67 were cured,14 were improved,19 were given up,4 were hos-pitalized,and 2 died.Conclusions VLBWI and ELBWI are prone to injury various complications.Prevent and timely treatment are ef-fective methods to improve the survival rate and the quality of life of VLBWI and ELBWI.