RANK expression as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer |
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Authors: | Berit Maria Pfitzner Daniel Branstetter Sibylle Loibl Carsten Denkert Bianca Lederer Wolfgang Daniel Schmitt Frank Dombrowski Martin Werner Thomas Rüdiger William C. Dougall Gunter von Minckwitz |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Pathology, Campus Mitte, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany 10. DKTK Side Charité Berlin, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany 2. Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA 11. Gynecological Hospital Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach am Main, Germany 3. German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany 4. Institute of Pathology, Ernst-Moritz-Arnd-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 5. Department of Pathology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 8. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 6. Institute of Pathology, Hospital Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany 7. Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA 9. University Women’s Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract: | RANK ligand (RANKL) is crucial for the development of mouse mammary glands during pregnancy. RANKL functions as a major paracrine effector of the mitogenic action of progesterone in mammary epithelium via its receptor RANK and has a role in expansion and regenerative potential of mammary stem cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of RANKL attenuates the development of mammary carcinoma and inhibits metastatic progression in multiple mouse models. Primary breast carcinoma samples from the neoadjuvant GeparTrio study were analyzed to correlate the expression of human RANK and RANKL with pathological complete response (pCR), disease-free (DFS), and overall (OS) survival. Pre-treatment FFPE core biopsies (n = 601) were analyzed for percentage and intensity of immunohistochemical RANK and RANKL expression. Antibodies against human RANK (N-1H8; Amgen) and human RANKL (M366; Amgen) were used. RANK protein was expressed in 160 (27 %) patients. Increased RANK expression was observed in 14.5 % of patients and correlated with high tumor grade (p < 0.023) and negative hormone receptor (HR) status (p < 0.001). Patients with high RANK expression showed a higher pCR rate (23.0 % vs. 12.6 %, p = 0.010), shorter DFS (p = 0.038), and OS (p = 0.011). However, prognostic and predictive information was not an independent parameter. Only 6 % of samples expressed RANKL, which was not correlated with any clinical features. Higher RANK expression in the primary tumor is associated with a higher sensitivity to chemotherapy, but also a higher risk of relapse and death. Our study provides a basis for further exploration of the antitumor activity of clinical antibodies against RANKL. |
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