半夏和白蔹分别与生川乌合煎过程中淀粉类成分对生川乌生物碱类成分溶出的影响

目的 分析淀粉类成分在煎煮过程中对生川乌中小分子乌头类生物碱溶出的影响，初步探讨淀粉对生物碱成分的作用机制。方法 将不同来源的淀粉类成分与生川乌药材合煎，运用RRLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析淀粉对合煎液中乌头类生物碱溶出的影响；运用HPLC-UV技术分析淀粉与生物碱单体合煎后，溶液中生物碱类成分的量；采用方差分析和偏最小二乘判别法进行差异分析。结果 与淀粉合煎后，生川乌中双酯型、单酯型和醇胺型生物碱溶出率均明显降低，其中单酯型和醇胺型生物碱在生川乌与白蔹淀粉、半夏淀粉、市售淀粉、白蔹以及半夏药材5组配伍后其降低更为显著；而生川乌中双酯型生物碱量在与除去淀粉的半夏和除去淀粉的白蔹配伍时出现明显的上升趋势。生物碱类成分直接与淀粉类成分合煎时，合煎液中生物碱量明显低于生物碱单独煎煮。结论 淀粉类成分能够在煎煮液中抑制生川乌中生物碱类成分的溶出，对于游离生物碱，淀粉类成分能够与其发生一定形式的结合，影响生物碱在水溶液中的量。

Effect of starch composition on dissolution of alkaloids in Aconiti Radix co-decocted with Pinelliae Rhizoma or Ampelopsis Radix

Objective To analyze the effect of starch composition on the dissolution of small molecular alkaloids in Aconiti Radix when co-decocted with medicines rich in starch, and to explore the mechanism of the effect of starch on alkaloids. Methods RRLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the effect of starch on the dissolution of alkaloids in the decoctions. HPLC-UV was applied to determine the content of alkaloids in the decoctions of starches with alkaloids, and analysis of variance and partial least square method were used to analyse the difference. Results The dissolution of alkaloids in Aconiti Radix, including the diester-, monoester-, and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids, wsa obviously decreased when co-decocted with starch, especially the monoester-and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids co-decocted with Pinelliae Rhizoma, Ampelopsis Radix, starch of Pinelliae Rhizoma, starch of Ampelopsis Radix, and normally sold starch, while the content of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids was increased when co-decocted with starch-removed Pinelliae Rhizoma and Ampelopsis Radix. When co-decocted directly with starch, free alkaloids in water decoction was decreased compared with the decoction without starch. Conclusion Starch could inhibit the dissolution of alkaloids in Aconiti Radix in the decoction. Free Aconitum alkaloids could be integrated by the starch, which could finally affect their content in decoction.