附子配伍和汤剂pH对6种酯型生物碱含量的影响

目的:研究附子配伍和汤剂pH对6种酯型生物碱含量的影响,探究附子配伍禁忌的化学实质.方法:HPLC测定生附子配伍半夏、瓜萎、川贝母、浙贝母、白蔹、白及,以及附子采用不同pH的酸水、碱水煎煮,或附子配伍酸性药物、附子配伍碱性药物汤剂中6种酯型生物碱的含量.结果:生附子配伍半夏、瓜蒌、川贝母、浙贝母、白蔹、白及,与其单煎液比较,配伍组汤剂pH均变小(酸性增强),双酯型生物碱含量明显升高,二者具有很高的相关性.附子用酸水煎煮或配伍酸性药物,随着汤剂酸性增强,其双酯型生物碱含量明显升高；附子用碱水煎煮或配伍碱性药物,汤剂pH ＞7,其双酯型生物碱完全破坏.结论:附子配伍禁忌的化学实质为汤剂的pH降低,使双酯型生物碱含量升高,毒性增大；双酯型生物碱酸性条件下较稳定,碱性条件下不稳定.

Influences of Combination and pH of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Decoction on the Six Ester Alkaloids Contents

Objective: To study the influences of combination and pH of Aconiti Lateralis Radix decoction on the six ester alkaloids contents and probe into chemical essence of combination taboo of Aconiti Lateralis Radix. Method: The HPLC analytical method was established for quantifying the six ester alkaloids contents in decoctions when Aconiti Lateralis Radix combined with Pinelliae Rhizoma,Trichosanthis Fructus,Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus,Ampelopsis Radix and Bletillae Rhizoma,respectively,or extracted with acidic,alkaline water of different pH or combined with acidic,alkaline traditional Chinese medicine. Result: For the co-decoctions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix combined with Pinelliae Rhizoma,Trichosanthis Fructus,Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus,Ampelopsis Radix and Bletillae Rhizoma,the pH values were all less than that of single Aconiti Lateralis Radix decoction and the contents of diester alkaloids was more than that of the single decoction. The contents of diester alkaloids in decoctions was correlated with the decoction pH. When Aconiti Lateralis Radix was extracted with acidic water or combined with acidic traditional Chinese medicine,the contents of diester alkaloids obviously increased with the increment of decoction acidity. When Aconiti Lateralis Radix was extracted with alkaline water or combined with alkaline traditional Chinese medicine,the decoction pH was greater than 7,the diester alkaloids were completely hydrolyzed. Conclusion: The chemical essence of combination taboo of Aconiti Lateralis Radix was that the diester alkaloids contents and the toxicity increased with the reduction of decoction pH. The diester alkaloids were relatively stable in acidic conditions and unstable in alkaline conditions.