FSD-C10调节阿尔茨海默病双转基因小鼠炎性微环境

目的:探讨新型Rho激酶抑制剂FSD-C10对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)模型小鼠脑内炎性微环境的调节作用。方法:采用双转染人β-淀粉样蛋白前体(β-amyloid protein precursor,APP)695swe基因和人早老素1(presenilin-1,PS1)ΔE9突变基因的8月龄小鼠作为AD动物模型,随机分为模型组和FSD-C10治疗组,分别经腹腔注射生理盐水和FSD-C10(25 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))持续治疗2个月,同月龄野生型小鼠作为正常对照组。应用Morris水迷宫(Morris water maze,MWM)实验检测小鼠学习和记忆能力。采用免疫组化和Western blot技术检测小鼠脑组织β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)、磷酸化Tau蛋白(p-Tau)、β位点APP剪切酶(BACE)、Toll样受体4(TLR-4)、磷酸化核因子κB(p-NF-κB)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)和精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)的表达。结果:与模型组相比,FSD-C10干预能显著改善APP/PS1双转基因小鼠学习和记忆能力,减少海马区Aβ1-42、p-Tau和BACE的表达,抑制脑内炎症信号通路TLRs/NF-κB轴TLR-4的表达和p-NF-κB的激活,减少i NOS的表达,增加Arg-1的表达。结论:FSD-C10干预能明显改善APP/PS1双转基因小鼠的学习和记忆能力,其机制可能是通过抑制TLRs/NF-κB信号通路激活,减少炎症因子的分泌及促进M1型炎性小胶质细胞向M2型抗炎小胶质细胞转化,从而改善APP/PS1双转基因小鼠脑组织炎症微环境。

Effect of FSD-C10 on modulation of inflammatory microenvironment in an Alzheimer disease double transgenic mouse model

AIM: To explore the therapeutic effect of a novel Rho kinase inhibitor FSD-C10 on β-amyloid protein precursor (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) double transgenic mice. METHODS: The transgenic mice overexpressing human APP with the Swedish mutation (695) and human PS1 with ΔE9 mutation at the age of 8 months were used in this study. The mice were randomly divided into model group and FSD-C10 intervention group, and wild-type mice at the same age served as normal controls. The mice in FSD-C10 intervention group were treated with FSD-C10 (25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) for 2 months by intraperitoneal injection. The mice in model group and the wild-type mice were injected with saline in the similar manner. Morris water maze (MWM) test was applied to examine the capacity of learning and memory. The Aβ_1-42 deposition, Tau protein phosphorylation, and the expression of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) as well as inflammatory molecules, such as TLR-4 and NF-κB, and M1/M2 microglial markers, such as iNOS and Arg-1, were determined by the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with model group, FSD-C10 significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, accompanied by reduced Aβ_1-42 deposition, Tau protein phosphorylation and BACE expression in the hippocampus. The intervention of FSD-C10 decreased the protein levels of TLR-4 and p-NF-κB, reduced the expression of iNOS and increased the expression of Arg-1 in the brain tissues. CONCLUSION: The novel Rho kinase inhibitor FSD-C10 improves the capacity of spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, which may be related to the inhibition of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway, the reduction of the secretion of inflammatory molecules and the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2 microglia, thus improving the inflammatory microenvironment of the brain in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.