大学生锻炼行为与相关知识、态度、自我效能的研究

目的探讨大学生锻炼行为与体育知识、态度和自我效能的关系。方法整群随机抽取在昆六所高校的1243名大学生(男654、女589) 进行体育认知及自我效能的自评调查。结果在锻炼的自我效能、态度和行为上存在着显著的性别差异。男生体育人口不仅高于女(51.22％＞41.77％),其锻炼的自我效能13.87±2.95也显高于女12.35±3.41(P≤0.01)，但无知识维度的性别差。运动习惯好的体育人口锻炼态度和自我效能的得分均显高于对照(P≤0.01)。大学生运动行为与态度、自我效能呈中度相关r＝0.41和0.47，与知识呈低度相关(r＝0.12)。结论大学生体育人口现状离全民健身和我国慢性病预防的公共卫生目标尚有较大差距。体育态度和自我效能是影响运动行为的重要中介变量,女生是锻炼行为的重点干预对象。

The correlation analysis among physical knowledge,attitude and self-efficacy of university students

Objective：To probe into the relation among the exerise behaviour, physical knowledge, attitute and self-efficacy， and to provide basis for helping to bring about students' lifelong physical exercises and formation of their health life manner,and NCD prevention. Method We randomly sample in cluster 1243 students(male 654 and female 589)studied in different specialities in six colleges or universities in Kunming, which filled in the question and answer paper about students'sports cognition and behaviour.Result The proportion of the male sports population is 51.22％ and that of the female is 41.77％. The scores of the self-efficacy, attitute and behaviour exist obvious sex difference. Scores of self- efficacy and behaviour of male students are 13.87 and 13.62,respectively,which are significantly higher than that of the femal are 12.35 and 12.17 (P＜0.01), respectively. The exercise attitude, self- efficacy and behaviour of the physical population group have an advantage over that of the case group(P＜0.01), meanwhile the difference among groups of students about sports knowledge and the sex difference are not viewed. The exercise behaviour and attitude,the exercise behaviour and self- efficacy of students are positively related to middle extent(r＝0.41 and 0.47, resp.),but the exercise behaviour and the knowledge dimension is related to little extent (r＝0.12). Conclusion There is a larger difference between students sports population and the aim of physical education in colleges or universities. The sports attitude and self-efficacy of students play an important role which have an effect on the exercise behaviour. The group of the female students is emphasis of intervention.