金黄色葡萄球菌感染的特征及其耐药性

目的探索金黄色葡萄球菌感染的特征及其耐药性,预防和控制MRSA流行发生。方法对2006年住院患者中金黄色葡萄球菌感染的特征及耐药性进行监测。结果2006年共分离出金黄色葡萄球菌45株,其中MRSA28株,占金葡菌的62.2%(MSSA17株,占37.8%);医院感染株和社区感染株分别占19株(42.2%)、26株(57.8%);感染部位多分布在下呼吸道、皮肤软组织和烧伤部位;在同期空气、物体表面、医务人员手等外环境中尚未检出金黄色葡萄球菌。金葡菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素G、阿奇霉素耐药率在70%以上,但对万古霉素敏感。基础疾病中以外伤、心脑血管病、烧伤、呼吸系统疾病、皮肤软组织疾病居前五位。结论金葡菌检出率、MRSA发生率和耐药率较高;同期外环境尚未发现有关的金葡菌菌株;金葡菌医院感染以内源性感染为主;应注意做好手卫生、物体表面消毒和合理使用抗菌药物,预防控制金葡菌交叉传播。

Infection Features and Drug - resistance of Staphylococcus aureus

Objective To explore the infection features and drug-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and to prevent and control the outbreak of MRSA infections.Methods All inpatients infected with Staphylococcus aureus were surveyed in 2006.Results A total of 45 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the inpatients' specimens,among them 28 were MRSA,accounted for 62.2%(and 17 were MSSA,accounted for 37.8%);19 cases(42.2%) were nosocomial infections while 26(57.8%)were community acquired infections.The most common infection sites were lower respiratory tract,skin soft-tissues and the burn wound infections.Neither Staphylococcus aureus was found from the ward air and table surface,nor the medical professionals' hands during the investigation period.The drug-resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus was all above 70% to amoxicillin,ampicillin,penicillin G,and azithromycin.There was no resistance to vancomycin.The common underlying diseases were injury,burn,cardiovascular,respiratory and skin soft-tissue diseases.Conclusions The incidences of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA isolates and the resistance rates are relatively high.No Staphylococcus aureus is isolated in the relative environment.The nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infection is major endogenous infection.It is very important for emphasizing on hand-washing,disinfection of dirty surfaces and the rational use of antimicrobial drugs to prevent the Staphylococcus aureus spreading.