衡阳市学龄前儿童孤独症谱系患病情况调查

目的 探讨衡阳市3～6岁学龄前儿童孤独症谱系患病情况,为降低孤独症的发病率及其三级预防工作提供现实参考依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取衡阳市区18所幼儿园,使用克氏孤独症行为量表（CABRS）、自拟影响因素问卷方式筛查出可疑孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorders,ASDs）患儿,继而采用DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准同时利用儿童孤独症评定量表（CARS）对其进行诊断评估,统计分析得出ASDs患病情况.结果 （1）本样本ASDs患病率为62.7/万,男童26例,女童4例,男女比例为6.5∶1; （2）ASDs组儿童性别、父母亲生育年龄、母亲人工流产史及孕期情绪波动、新生儿窒息和黄疸、父亲有害职业史的分布差异,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 衡阳市接受主流教育的3～6岁学龄前儿童ASDs患病率接近国外报道水平,分析出的相关因素可以为孕期保健工作提供建设性意见.

Investigation of Autism Spectrum Disorders for Preschool Children in Hengyang

OBJECTIVE To reduce the incidence of autism and provide the reference data for 3-step-prevention, the study of prevalence and lineage of childhood autism（age from 3 to 6） in Hengyang is analyzed here. METHODS The samples for this study are collected from 18 kindergartens in Hengyang by using random cluster sampling, subsequently, the CABRS and questionnaire of influencing factors involved are applied to identify potential ASDs patients. Then, the DSM-IV and CARS are employed to evaluate the situations of these children, and the statistical analysis is finally obtained based on these data. RESULTS （1） The incidence of childhood autism is 62.7 per 10 thousands in this research, specifically, the boy cases are 26 and the girl cases are 4, namely the ratio is 6.5：1. （2） there have been statistical significances in regards to the distributional differences of childhood ASDs gender, child-bearing age of parents, the history of mothers＇ abortions, emotional fluctuation during pregnancy period, asphyxia and jaundice of the newborns as well as the occupational history of fathers （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of childhood autism among 3-6 age children who access to mainstream education in Hengyang is similar to the figures reported by foreign institutions. In addition, the related factors analyzed in this study can further offer helpful advices to pregnant women for healthcare.