北京地区脑膜炎奈瑟菌耐药性监测

目的对北京地区脑膜炎奈瑟菌进行耐药性监测。方法采用临床及试验标准协会推荐的肉汤稀释法，测定12种抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度。结果2004年11月至2006年3月收集的67株菌株对头孢曲松、阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟、美洛培南和利福平敏感，对甲氧苄啶/磺胺耐药。全部菌株对青霉素、氨苄西林和氯霉素均不耐药，但是分别有41、7和11株耐药性介于中介值；对环丙沙星有5株敏感，19株介于中介，43株耐药（占64．2％）；对左氧氟沙星有8株敏感，3株介于中介，56株耐药（占83．6％）；对四环素有19株敏感，3株介于中介，45株耐药（占67．2％）。结论青霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、氯霉素、头孢噻肟和美洛培南仍是治疗流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）的有效抗生素，而利福平和阿奇霉素可作为密切接触者的预防性用药。

The antibiotic-resistance surveillance of Neisseria meningitides in Beijing

Objective To survey antibiotic resistance of Neisseria meningitides isolated from Beijing. Methods To detect the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 12 antibiotic with broth microdilutionmethod recommend by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results All of the strains were susceptible to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Cefotaxime, meropenem, rifampin and resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All of the strains were not resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and chloromycetin. 41,7 and 11 of strains were medium to penicillin, ampicillin and chloromycetin, respectively. 5 of strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. 19 of strains were medium to ciprofloxacin. 43 of strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin; 8 of strains were susceptible to levofloxacin. 3 of strains were medium to levofloxacin. 56 of strains were resistant to levofloxacin. 19 of strains were susceptible to tetracycline, 3 of strains were medium to tetracycline. 45 of strains were resistant to tetracycline. Conclusion Penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloromycetin, cefotaxime and meropenem can be used for treatment of meningococcal meningitis. Rifampin and azithromycin can be administered to the close contacts for antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis.