聚肌胞与肿瘤免疫

 聚肌胞是一种人工合成的病毒双链RNA的模拟物,具有重要的免疫调节功能。聚肌胞主要作用于Toll样受体3（TLR3）、维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ（RIG-Ⅰ）和骨髓瘤分化相关基因-5（MDA-5）3种胞内受体,分别通过含TIR结构域的接头蛋白诱导干扰素β（TRIF）、干扰素β启动刺激剂激活下游信号转导通路,通过激活人体对肿瘤细胞的天然免疫及获得性免疫,从而发挥重要的抗肿瘤免疫调节作用。在黑色素瘤、乳腺癌、恶性胶质细胞瘤及肺癌等恶性肿瘤中对聚肌胞肿瘤免疫调节机制的进一步阐明将给肿瘤免疫治疗提供新的策略。

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and tumor immunity

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, which plays a vital role in the regulation of immune system. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MAD-5) and retinoic acid inducible gene -Ⅰ (RIG-Ⅰ) are the main three intracellular receptors binding to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid which activates human anti-tumor immune responses including the activation of innate immunity and acquired immunity through TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and interferon-β. Thus, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid plays an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses. The immunoregulation mechanisms of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in melanoma, breast cancer, malignant glioma and lung cancer have been clarified, which will provide new strategies for tumor immunotherapy.