三氯乙烯作业工人潜在职业伤害的社会因素分析

目的分析影响三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene,TCE)职业伤害的社会因素,为制定正确有效的TCE防护措施提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,以是否出现DNA损伤作为判断TCE潜在伤害发生的依据,以发生DNA损伤的工人为病例组,没有DNA损伤的工人为对照组,按1∶3的方式进行匹配。结果单因素Logistic回归分析显示,病例组与对照组在文化程度、接触时间、是否有岗前培训、是否进行在岗期间职业健康检查,以及个人防护用品的使用情况方面差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度小学及以下、工龄大于1.5年、未进行岗前培训以及偶尔使用个人防护用品的职工发生TCE潜在伤害的危险性会增加,调整后的OR值分别为:1.75,4.21,1.95,3.67。结论在实际工作中,应以低文化程度和工龄相对较长的工人为重点防护人群,并加强上岗前体检和培训,同时提高个人防护用品的使用情况,以控制TCE潜在职业伤害的发生。

Analysis of Social Factors of Potential Occupational Injuries of Trichloroethylene Workers

Objectives To analyze social factors that influence occupational injuries of trichloroethylene(TCE) and provide a correct and effective TCE protection measures. Methods In this case-control study,DNA damage justified by comet assay was taken as a basis judgment of TCE potential injury,workers with DNA damage were allocated into case group,the others the control group,using a 1∶ 3 case match-design. Results The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level,contact time,pre-job training,regular physical examination and use of protective equipment were significant different between the case group and control group(P<0.05).Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed educational degree of primary school or below,contact time longer than 1.5year,no pre-job training and occasional use of protective equipment increased the TCE injury risk,the adjusted OR were 1.75,4.21,1.95 and 3.67 respectively. Conclusions In practical work,we should pay more attention to those low educational and old workers,and strengthen pre-job training and physical examination while increasing the use of protective equipment to prevent occupational injuries of TCE.