氯吡格雷与阿司匹林抗血小板治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的系统评价

目的 系统评价氯吡格雷与阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,ST-AMI)患者的有效性和安全性. 方法 应用计算机检索美国国立生物医学信息中心PubMed医学数据库、荷兰医学文摘embase数据库、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验数据库(2007年第3期)和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普资讯网中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、万方医学数据库,同时筛检纳入文献的参考文献.收集氯吡格雷联用阿司匹林治疗ST-AMI的随机和半随机对照试验,两名评价员独立评价文献质量和提取资料,并采用RevMan 4.2软件对资料进行Meta分析. 结果共纳入10个研究,52 433例患者.Meta分析结果显示:(1)与单用阿司匹林比较,氯吡格雷与阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗能降低任何原因导致的死亡(RR=0.91,95% CI为0.85～0.97)、再发心肌梗死(RR=0.80,95%CI为0.72～0.89)、脑卒中(RR=0.81,95% CI为0.68～0.96)、心肌梗死后心绞痛(RR=0.35,95% CI为0.19～0.66)、冠状动脉内血栓(RR=0.73,95% CI为0.64～0.83)和降低死亡、再发心肌梗死或脑卒中的联合终点事件(RR=0.89,95% CI为0.84～0.95)的发生率;(2)改善心力衰竭和梗死相关动脉TIMI血流情况比较,差异无统计学意义(RR=0.97,95% CI为0.92～1.03;RR=1.14,95%CI为1.00～1.30;P＞0.05);(3)氯吡格雷与阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗与单用阿司匹林比较,并发症出血相似(RR=1.1l,95% CI为0.92～1.34). 结论 与单用阿司匹林比较,联用氯吡格雷和阿司匹林能降低ST-AMI患者的死亡(任何原因)、再发心肌梗死、脑卒中及梗死后心绞痛、冠状动脉内血栓和降低死亡、再发心肌梗死或脑卒中的联合终点事件的发生率,但在改善心力衰竭和梗死相关动脉TIMI血流方面两者疗效相当.短期氯吡格雷和阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗与单用阿司匹林发生出血并发症相似.

Clinical study on dual antiplatelet therapy with ciopidogrel and aspirin in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review

Objective To evaluate the effectivity and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in patients with ST-segment elevation acute yocardial infarction(AMI).Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and quasi-RCTs in the following electronic databases:PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library(Issue 3,2007),CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang.Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently.Disagreement were resolved through discussion.All data were analyzed by using Review Manager 4.2. Results Ten studies involving a total of 52 433 participants met the inclusion criteria.Metaanalysis results showed that:(1)Compared with aspirin alone,the incidence rates of death caused by any reason(RR=0.91,95% CI:0.85～0.97),recurrent myocardial infarction(RR=0.80,95% CI:0.72～0.89),stroke(RR=0.81,95% CI:0.68～0.96),post-infarction angina(RR=0.35,95% CI:0.19～0.66),incoronary thrombus(RR=0.73,95% CI:0.64～0.83)and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke(RR=0.89,95% CI:0.84～0.95)could be reduced by clopidogrel and aspirin.(2)There were no significant differences in ameliorating the cardiac function and increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery between the two groups RR=0.97,95% CI:0.92～1.03;RR=1.14,95% CI:1.00～1.30;both P＞0.05.(3)There was no significant difference in bleeding between the tWO groups(RR=1.11,95% CI:0.92～1.34). Conclusions Compared with aspirin alone,clopidogrel plus aspirin has good effects on reducing the incidence rates of death caused by any reason,recurrent myocardial infarction,stroke,post-infarction angina,incoronary thrombus and the combined endpoint events of death,reinfarction or stroke in patients with ST-segment elevation AMI,and it has the same efficacy in ameliorating the cardiac function,increasing TIMI blood flow of infarct-related artery and bleeding.