二滩水库血吸虫病控制策略的探讨

目的　探讨预防二滩水库运转后造成血吸虫病扩散流行的策略。　方法　采取根治传染源和杀灭钉螺。移民点的大中型引灌渠全部用水泥铺砌 ,饮用水管道化。鼓励移民和蓄水线边缘居民修建沼气池、供排水和卫生设施。　结果　根治传染源 :血吸虫病患者 2 36 0例和牛 15 2头。药物和环境改造灭螺面积分别为 3 6 345 80 m2和 6 710 5 .5 m2。用水泥铺砌排灌渠 5 1.13km,饮用水管道化 10 4895 m。 1781户分别修建了沼气池、太阳能热水器和庭院卫生化。 3年干预后 ,未发现人、牛和野鼠感染血吸虫 ,也未见阳性钉螺。　结论　二滩水库将血吸虫病控制纳入项目预算与水库建设同步进行 ,为库区创造了可持续发展的条件。继续作好钉螺和传染源输入监测 ,为三峡工程及将在疫区修建的水利工程的血吸虫病控制提供具有实用价值的经验

Study on Schistosomiasis Control Strategy in Ertan Reservoir

Objective To explore means and strategies of preventing the spread of schistosomasis transmission due to the building of Ertan Dam. Methods To eliminate the infection sources and Oncomelania snails. To install concrete irrigation and piping system of water supply. To encourage the immigrants to build methane|generating tanks and improve sanitary facilities and conditions for families who live near the water|retaining line. Results {2 360} people and 152 cattle were treated for schistosome infection. Mollusciciding and environmental modification were made for eliminating snails at an area of {3 634 580} m 2 and {67 105^5} m 2 respectively. The length of concrete irrigation and piping system installed was 51^13 and 104^895 km respectively. Methane|generating tanks, water|heating instruments using solar energy and other sanitary facilities were established in {1 781} households. After three|year intervention, no infected snails were found and no infected human being, cattle and wild rats were detected. Conclusion Schistosomiasis control was financially supported since the very beginning of the Ertan Dam project, which provided a condition for sustainable development. Continued surveillance of snails and infection sources should be carried out, which will provide scientific basis for schistosomiasis control in the Three Gorges region as well as other new projects of hydropower and water conservancy in endemic area.