高原缺氧对氰离子代谢的影响及其中毒机制研究

目的研究高原缺氧对氰离子代谢的影响,并探讨其中毒机制。方法家兔12只,雄性SD大鼠72只,分别随机均分为平原和高原氰化钠中毒组。家兔背部皮下注射2mg/kg氰化钠,分别于中毒后0、5、7、10、20、30、60、120min取股静脉血检测血氰、血红蛋白及高铁血红蛋白含量。大鼠背部皮下注射3.6mg/kg氰化钠,分别于中毒后0、0.5、1、2、4、6h取心脏血及肝脏组织,测定血氰含量及细胞色素氧化酶活性,并进行肝脏病理组织学检查。结果家兔氰化钠中毒代谢动力学呈一室模型。大鼠平原及高原氰化钠中毒后血液中氰离子浓度均在30min达到最高值,细胞色素氧化酶活性降低。肝脏病理学检查表明高原缺氧复合氰化钠中毒导致的肝脏损伤重于平原氰化钠中毒。结论高原缺氧可明显影响氰化钠在体内的代谢过程,加重其对细胞色素氧化酶活力的抑制,引起更为严重的病理损伤。

Effects of plateau hypoxia on the cyanide ion metabolism and correlative toxicant mechanism

Objective The aim of present study was to explore the effects of plateau hypoxia on the cyanide ion metabolism and correlative toxicant mechanism.Methods 12 adult rabbits and 72 male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups separately:plain control group with NaCN intoxication and plateau NaCN intoxicant group.2mg/kg NaCN was subcutaneously injected into the back of rabbits,the femoral vein blood was then collected at different designated time points for the measurement of cyanide,hemoglobin and ferrihemoglobin concentrations.Meanwhile 3.6 mg/kg NaCN was subcutaneously injected into the back of rats,the cardiac blood and the hepatic tissue were then collected at the different designated time points for the determination of cyanide ion,cytochrome oxidase activities and for the detection of pathologic changes of hepatic tissue.Results Under the condition of plain and plateau environments,the pharmacokinetics of rabbits induced by NaCN injection was characterized by one-compartment model.The blood cyanide concentration of rats in both plain and plateau groups reached peak value at 30min,and the activity of cytochrome oxidase decreased.Furthermore,the pathologic diagnosis of rats hepatic tissue suggested that liver injury induced by NaCN intoxication at high altitude was more serious than in plain intoxicant.Conclusion Hypoxia could markedly disturb the metabolic process of NaCN in vivo,aggravate the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase activity and lead to serious pathologic injury.