机械通气早产儿支气管肺发育不良的高危因素分析

目的 探讨机械通气早产儿支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)的发病率及高危因素.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2009年12月我院NICU住院治疗并存活28d以上的、胎龄≤32周的极低出生体质量儿196例的临床资料,其中机械通气治疗61例,21例诊断为BPD(BPD组),40例为非BPD组,对两组患儿临床资料进行对照研究.结果 胎龄≤32周的极低出生体质量儿的BPD总发病率为10.7%,有机械通气史者发病率高达34.4%;BPD组患儿的胎龄及出生体质量均较非BPD组低.BPD组有胎膜早破史及合并新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)、产后感染、应用静脉营养时间长者较非BPD组均明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别、窒息史、肺表面活性物质的应用、呼气末正压、平均气道压力两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而吸气峰压、机械通气最高氧浓度、机械通气时间及总吸氧时间在两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);合并NRDS、产后感染、机械通气时间、机械通气最高氧浓度为发生BPD的独立危险因素,回归系数分别为3.683、1.541、1.188、1.647.结论 避免早产、低出生体质量、长时间高气道压力、高氧浓度机械通气,预防NRDS、产前及产后感染,减少静脉营养应用时间是防治BPD的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the incidence rate and high-risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) in premature infants of mechanical ventilation.Methods From Jan 2008 to Dec 2009,196 very low birth weight infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks in our NICU were enrolled in the study.61 cases had the histories of mechanical ventilation.The clinical materials of 21 cases with BPD were compared to 41 cases without BPD in retrospective analysis.Results The total incidence of BPD in the very low birth weight infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks was 10.7%,and 34.4% in those infants with mechanical ventilation.The gestational age and birth weight of BPD group were lower than those without BPD,and the rates of premature rupture of fetal membrane and complicated neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS),postnatal infection,with long time intravenous nutrition in BPD group were higher than those without BPO control (P<0.05).Gender,asphyxia history,the use of pulmonary surfactant (PS),positive end-expiratory pressure,and mean airway pressure were not different significantly between two groups (P>0.05).Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP),the time of mechanical ventilation and oxygen administration were different significantly between two groups (P<0.05).NRDS,postnatal infection,the duration of ventilation,and hyperoxia were the risk factors for BPD,and the regression coefficient were 3.683,1.541,1.188 and 1.647.Conclusion Preventing premature,low birth weight,NRDS,shortening the duration of high peak inspiratory pressure and hyperoxia with mechanical ventilation and the use of the parenteral nutrition,managing the infection of the prenatal and postnatal are the key points of preventing BPD.

The high-risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants of mechanical ventilation

Objective To explore the incidence rate and high-risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) in premature infants of mechanical ventilation.Methods From Jan 2008 to Dec 2009,196 very low birth weight infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks in our NICU were enrolled in the study.61 cases had the histories of mechanical ventilation.The clinical materials of 21 cases with BPD were compared to 41 cases without BPD in retrospective analysis.Results The total incidence of BPD in the very low birth weight infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks was 10.7%,and 34.4% in those infants with mechanical ventilation.The gestational age and birth weight of BPD group were lower than those without BPD,and the rates of premature rupture of fetal membrane and complicated neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS),postnatal infection,with long time intravenous nutrition in BPD group were higher than those without BPO control (P<0.05).Gender,asphyxia history,the use of pulmonary surfactant (PS),positive end-expiratory pressure,and mean airway pressure were not different significantly between two groups (P>0.05).Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP),the time of mechanical ventilation and oxygen administration were different significantly between two groups (P<0.05).NRDS,postnatal infection,the duration of ventilation,and hyperoxia were the risk factors for BPD,and the regression coefficient were 3.683,1.541,1.188 and 1.647.Conclusion Preventing premature,low birth weight,NRDS,shortening the duration of high peak inspiratory pressure and hyperoxia with mechanical ventilation and the use of the parenteral nutrition,managing the infection of the prenatal and postnatal are the key points of preventing BPD.