儿童哮喘过敏原检测及临床意义

目的 探讨皮肤过敏原点刺试验、血清过敏原检测在儿童哮喘病因诊断、治疗的临床意义。方法 应用粉尘螨及屋尘螨过敏原对121例哮喘患儿及111例对照组儿童进行皮肤点刺试验，其中59例哮喘患儿应用免疫条带印记法进行血清过敏原检测。结果 ①121例哮喘患儿尘螨过敏原皮肤点刺试验总阳性率为28．10％，高于对照组（P〈0．05）。②粉尘螨过敏原阳性33例（27．27％）；屋尘螨过敏原阳性32例（26．45％）。③粉尘螨及屋尘螨过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果与哮喘急性发作严重程度有关。④59例哮喘患儿血清过敏原检测阳性46例（77．97％），其中猫毛26例（44．07％）。狗毛23例（38．98％），粉尘螨13例（22．03％），屋尘螨12例（20.34％），海鲜组合10例（16．95％）。⑤皮肤点刺试验与血清过敏原检测的尘螨过敏原检出率，差异无统计学意义。结论 皮肤点刺试验可作为儿童哮喘过敏原检测优先选用的方法。

Detecting allergens in children with asthma and analyzing the clinical significance

Objectives To evaluate the clinical significance of skin prick test and blood serum allergen test in children with asthma. Methods One hundred and twenty- one children with asthma and 111 controls were recruited for skin prick test with dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. At the same time, the level of serum allergen test of 59 children with asthma was checked by immune strap mark experiment. Results 1.The total positive rate of skin prick test of 121 children with asthma was 28.10 %. 2.The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae was 27.27 %,while the positive rate of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was 26.45 %. 3.Results of dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by skin prick test were related to the grades of asthma. 4.The positive rate of serum allergen test of 59 children with asthma was 77.97 %,including reaction to cat(44.07 %),dog (38.98 %),dermatophagoides farinae(22.03 %),dermatopha- goides pteronyssinus(20.34%),sea food(16.95 %). 5.There was no statistically significant difference between the positive rate of skin prick test and serum allergen test. Conclusions Skin prick test can be used as the first screening test to check allergen in children with asthma.