Dopamine thioethers: formation in brain and neurotoxicity

Dopamine (DA) oxidation is proposed to be a significant contributor to some forms of neurodegeneration, although the mechanisms are not fully resolved. Recent results from in vitro and in vivo models have suggested that some products of oxidized DA metabolized along the mercapturic acid pathway (MAP) may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Here we review recent findings on the localization of MAP enzymes in human brain, as well as the concentration and neurotoxicity of their DA thioether products.