甘草与附子配伍减毒的有效成分及作用环节研究

目的:探明甘草酸和甘草次酸是否为甘草中降低附子毒性的有效成分及其作用环节。方法:将附子单煎及附子与甘草、附子与甘草酸、附子与甘草次酸分别合煎,用HPLC法分析各种煎液中乌头碱及次乌头碱的煎出量,同时用动物实验测定各煎液不同给药途径的急性毒性,比较各煎液的LD50。结果:口服给药,甘草、甘草次酸与附子合煎液的毒性明显减小,甘草酸与附子合煎毒性略有减小;腹腔注射给药,甘草酸与附子合煎液的毒性明显增加。合煎时甘草能降低乌头类生物碱的溶出,而甘草酸、甘草次酸均有增加溶出的作用,甘草酸的作用强于甘草次酸。结论:甘草与附子合煎口服可减小附子毒性,部分原因是其可减少附子中有毒生物碱的煎出。但甘草酸及甘草次酸并不能减少附子中有毒生物碱的煎出,而可能与有毒生物碱结合,延缓其在胃肠道吸收,发挥一定的减毒作用。

Attenuated effect of active components of Radix Glycyrrhizae on Radix Aconiti Laterlis and the related mechanisms

AIM: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin(GZ) and glycyrrhefinic acid(GA) on reducing the toxicity of Radix Aconiti Laterlis(RAL) and its mechanisms of action. METHODS: Radix Aconiti Laterlis(RAL),RAL with Radix Glycyrrhizae(RG),RAL with GZ,RAL with GA were boiled for 30 min,respectively.HPLC was used to measure the concentrations of aconitine and hypaconitine in the different decoctions.Meanwhile,the acute toxicity of the above decoctions was determined by oral and intraperitoneal administration in mice respectively. RESULTS: By oral administration,the acute toxicity of the decoctions of RG with RAL and GE with RAL was obviously lower than that of RAL.The acute toxicity of the decoction of GA with RAL was slightly reduced when compared with that of RAL.By intraperitoneal administration,the acute toxicity of GA with RAL was obviously higher than that of RAL.RG significantly restrained the dissolution of alkalines contained in RAL into the decoction.But GA and GZ increased the dissolution of the alkalines. CONCLUSION: By oral administration,RG could reduce the acute toxieity of RAL.Restraint on the dissolution of the toxic alkalines contained in RAL into the decoction may be in part the reasons.But GA and GZ are not the effective components reducing the dissolution of the toxic alkalines.They may combine with the toxic alkalines,postpone the absorption of the combined compounds through gastrointestinal tract,and reduce the acute toxicity of RAL by oral administration.