贵州三都水族居民葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症基因突变研究

为了了解贵州省少数民族居民葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase，G6PD)缺乏症的发病率、基因突变类型特点及分布特征，进一步从分子水平揭示G6PD基因突变的异质性，对贵州省三都水族自治县1090名当地水族居民采用噻唑蓝定性法、G6PD／6PGD活性比值法进行G6PD缺乏症的筛查，再经错配引物介导的聚合酶链反应/限制性酶切分析法检测中国人中最常见的3种G6PD基因突变型：1376G→T、1388G→A、95A→G。结果表明：在受检的1090人中，共检出G6PD缺乏症98例，检出率8．99％，在G6PD缺乏症中检出最常见的3种G6PD基因突变型：1376G→T24例；1388G→A12例；95A→G9例；并在国内首次检出1376G→T、95A→G复合型突变1例。1376G→T突变频率为0．245；1388G→A突变频率为0．122；95A→G突变频率为0．092。结论：1376G→T、1388G→A、95A→G为贵州省三都水族居民的常见G6PD突变型，这个结果提示贵州三都水族与中国其它少数民族在起源上可能有共同的渊源。

G6PD Gene Mutations in Shui People in Sandu of Guizhou

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy. To date, about 126 mutations in the G6PD gene have been detected, among which 17 mutations were found in Chinese. The most common mutations are: 1376 G-->T and 1388 G-->A, both in exon 12; 95 A-->G in exon 2, which amounted to more than 50% of mutations representing various regions and ethnic groups in China. A large-scale screening and genotypic analysis was held in Shui people in Sandu of Guizhou. To investigate the incidence and the molecular basis of G6PD deficiency of Guizhou Shui people, NBT qualitative and G6PD/6PGD quantitative methods were used to detect G6PD deficiency in 1,090 Shui people from the general people belonging to Sandu of Guizhou. By means of mis-matched primers amplified the G6PD gene, the products were 234 bp, 280 bp and 345 bp in length, then restriction enzyme analysis was used to detect the most common Chinese G6PD mutations, 1376 G-->T, 1388 G-->A and 95 A-->G. The results showed that out of the 1,090 samples, 98 G6PD deficiency samples were found. The incidence of G6PD deficiency was 8.99%. 24 cases of 1376 G-->T, 12 cases of 1388 G-->A, 9 cases of 95 A-->G were detected. A sample with 1376 G-->T and 95 A-->G mutation was found in a girl. It was reported for the first time. In conclusion: 1376 G-->T, 1388 G-->A, 95 A-->G mutations are the common G6PD mutations in Shui people in Sandu of Guizhou. The results indicates that different national minorities of Chinese may originated from a common ancestor.