Cardiovascular risk factor profiles and angiography results in young patients

There is a clear correlation between the incidence of coronary artery disease and existing cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, it is a matter of interest if there is an accumulation of risk factors in younger patients with premature coronary artery disease compared to those without. We evaluated 1708 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography at our institution between August 2001 to February 2002; 85 symptomatic patients under the age of 46 were included in our analysis. In 46 patients (54.1%)--mean age 41.5 +/- 3.6 years--a coronary artery disease was documented, in 39 patients (45.9%)--mean age 39.9 +/- 5.6 years (n.s.)--normal coronary arteries were shown at angiography. Regarding the cardiovascular risk factors in young patients with coronary artery disease compared to young patients without we found a family history of premature coronary artery disease in 54.5% versus 43.6% (n.s.), hypercholesterolemia in 56.5% versus 53.8% (n.s.), LDL cholesterol of 138 +/- 40 mg/dl versus 123.3 +/- 27 mg/dl (s.), HDL cholesterol of 39 +/- 9 mg/dl versus 45.6 +/- 12.6 mg/dl (s.), serum triglycerides of 194.6 +/- 114.9 mg/dl versus 162.1 +/- 98.4 mg/dl (n.s.), diabetes mellitus in 15.2% versus 10.3% (n.s.), hypertension in 45.7% versus 46.4% (n.s.), body mass index > 24.9 kg/m2 in 67.4% versus 69.2% (n.s.), cigarette smoking in 54.6% versus 56.4% (n.s.). And finally, a minimum of two of those risk factors was found in 93.5% versus 87.2% (n.s.). Due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in both groups it is impossible to reliably predict the incidence of coronary artery disease from those risk factors. This has to be considered while deciding about the indication for coronary angiography.