Effect of arginine on the growth and biofilm formation of oral bacteria |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;3. Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA;4. School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China;5. Oral Biology Program, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;1. Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China;2. Department of General Surgery, The 456th Hospital of PLA, Ji’nan City, Shandong, China;3. Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;1. Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India;2. School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India;3. CARISM, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India;4. Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia;2. CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia;1. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;3. College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;4. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;5. Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;6. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;1. College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAlkali production via arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria plays a significant role in oral ecology, pH homeostasis and inhibition of dental caries. ADS activity in dental plaque varies greatly between individuals, which may profoundly affect their susceptibility to caries.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of arginine on the growth and biofilm formation of oral bacteria.Methods and resultsPolymicrobial dental biofilms derived from saliva were formed in a high-throughput active attachment biofilm model and l-arginine (Arg) was shown to reduce the colony forming units (CFU) counts of such biofilms grown for various periods or biofilms derived from saliva of subjects with different caries status. Arg hardly disturbed bacterial growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii in BHI medium, but only inhibited biofilm formation of S. mutans. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed S. mutans biofilms harboured fewer cells grown with Arg than that without Arg, even in the initial 2 h and 8 h phase. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images of poly-microbial dental and S. mutans biofilms revealed the biofilms grown with Arg had lower exopolysaccharide (EPS)/bacteria ratios than those without Arg (P = 0.004, 0.002, respectively). Arg could significantly reduce the production of water-insoluble EPS in S. mutans biofilms (P < 0.001); however, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) did not show significantly influence in gene expression of gtfB, gtfC or gtfD (P = 0.32, 0.06, 0.44 respectively).ConclusionsArg could reduce the biomass of poly-microbial dental biofilms and S. mutans biofilms, which may be due to the impact of Arg on water-insoluble EPS. Considering the contribution to pH homeostasis in dental biofilms, Arg may serve as an important agent keeping oral biofilms healthy thus prevent dental caries. |
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| Keywords: | Dental caries Alkali Biofilms Microbial viability Exopolysaccharide Streptococcus |
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