Dental erosion in archaeological human remains: A critical review of literature and proposal of a differential diagnosis protocol |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D’Este, 32, Ferrara 44121, Italy;2. Department of Human Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D’Este, 32, Ferrara 44121, Italy;3. Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy;1. Lab2PT – Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory, Unit of Archaeology, University of Minho, Portugal;2. Prehistory Laboratory, CIAS, University of Coimbra, Portugal;3. UNIARQ – WAPS, University of Lisbon Archaeology Center, Portugal;4. Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Center for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Portugal;1. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional, 4 (Edifici W3), Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain;2. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain;3. Unit Associated to CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiología. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain;4. SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona. C/ Montealegre 6-8 (Edifici Raval), 08001, Barcelona, Spain;1. Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa (Italy), Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy;2. Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield (UK), Northgate House, West Street, S1 4ET Sheffield, UK;3. Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy;1. Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archaeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 0843-03092 Balboa, Panama;2. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;3. Coiba AIP, Edificio 205, Ciudad de Saber, Clayton, Panama;4. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology and Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;1. Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;2. Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;3. International Exchange Centre, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveAlthough studies of dental wear on archaeological human remains have largely focused on mechanical wear (attrition and abrasion) in the past, chemical wear (erosion) is being increasingly identified as a separate form of wear. This paper aims to review the current state of research and to develop a protocol that may be universally used by biorchaeologists to specifically identify dental erosion.Design and resultsA critical review of literature has been done in order to highlight the issues related to diagnosis of dental erosion in archaeological human remains. The bodies of work based on the analysis of both modern and archaeological dentitions raise their separate problems. In addition to a need to re-evaluate symptoms of dental erosion, notably dentin ‘cupping’, it is apparent that no specific protocol is adapted from medical to archaeological sciences. Authors rather rely on tooth wear indices and photographs of modern clinical cases for diagnosis. Furthermore, the diagenetic chemical alternation has rarely been considered as a bias.ConclusionsHere we suggest a three-step protocol: the primary method is the microscopic identification of dental erosion by SEM, followed by the exclusion of taphonomic aetiology on surrounding bone and soil pH analysis. Archaeologists should also explore possible causative agents of wear using archaeological and historic knowledge about the population being analyzed. |
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| Keywords: | Enamel loss Dietary reconstruction Tooth wear index Scanning electron microscopy |
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