Structural,mechanical and chemical evaluation of molar-incisor hypomineralization-affected enamel: A systematic review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;3. Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;4. Department of Oral Structural Biology, Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy;2. School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;3. Department of Statistical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00161 Rome, Italy;4. Lumsa University, Rome, Italy;1. Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34-Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China;2. School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, 17-Monash Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;3. Research postgraduate student, Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34-Hospital road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China;1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo systematically assess and contrast reported differences in microstructure, mineral density, mechanical and chemical properties between molar-incisor-hypomineralization-affected (MIH) enamel and unaffected enamel.MethodsStudies on extracted human teeth, clinically diagnosed with MIH, reporting on the microstructure, mechanical properties or the chemical composition and comparing them to unaffected enamel were reviewed. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar) were screened; hand searches and cross-referencing were also performed.ResultsTwenty-two studies were included. Fifteen studies on a total of 201 teeth investigated the structural properties, including ten (141 teeth) on microstructure and seven (60 teeth) on mineral density; six (29 teeth) investigated the mechanical properties and eleven (87 teeth) investigated the chemical properties of MIH-affected enamel and compared them to unaffected enamel. Studies unambiguously found a reduction in mineral quantity and quality (reduced Ca and P content), reduction of hardness and modulus of elasticity (also in the clinically sound-appearing enamel bordering the MIH-lesion), an increase in porosity, carbon/carbonate concentrations and protein content compared to unaffected enamel.Findingswere ambiguous with regard to the extent of the lesion through the enamel to the enamel-dentin junction, the Ca/P ratio and the association between clinical appearance and defect severity.ConclusionsThere is an understanding of the changes related to MIH-affected enamel. The association of these changes with the clinical appearance and resulting implications for clinical management are unclear.Clinical significanceMIH-affected enamel is greatly different from unaffected enamel. This has implications for management strategies. The possibility of correlating the clinical appearance of MIH-affected enamel with the severity of enamel changes and deducing clinical concepts (risk stratification etc.) is limited. |
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| Keywords: | Enamel Developmental defects Hypoplasia MIH Microstructure Chemical composition |
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