4起小学甲型H1N1流感暴发的流行病学调查分析

目的了解福州市马尾区小学甲型H1N1流感暴发的流行特征,分析暴发原因及所采取的防制措施,为制定学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,分析福州市马尾区4所学校的爆发疫情的流行病学特征。采集病例的咽拭子标本,应用real-time RT-PCR方法检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸。结果 4所学校共发生流感样病例146例,罹患率为33.56‰,每起疫情持续时间在3-6 d之间;男女比例为1∶1;临床症状以发热、咳嗽为主。结论 4起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情没有明显的传染源与传播链,提示存在社区水平的传播。经采取隔离治疗病人,严格晨午检和因病缺课追踪登记、加强教室通风以及健康教育等综合措施,疫情得到及时控制。

Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis on 4 Outbreaks of Influenza A(H1N1)in Primary Schools

Objective] To understand the epidemiolgical characteristics of influenza A（H1N1） outbreak in primary schools of Mawei district in Fuzhou city,analyze the causes and control measures,and provide a scientific basis for making control measures of influenza A（H1N1） outbreak in schools.Methods]The epidemiolgical characteristics of influenza A（H1N1） outbreak in 4 schools of Mawei district in Fuzhou city were analyzed with field epidemiological investigation.The throat swab specimens were collected from patients,and nucleic acid of influenza A（H1N1） was detected by real-time RT-PCR.Results]There were 146 influenza-like cases in 4 schools,and the attack rate was 33.56‰.The duration of the outbreak was 3~6 days,male to female ratio was 1∶1,and the main clinical symptoms were fever and cough.Conclusion]There was no obvious source of infection and the transmission chain among 4 outbreaks of influenza A（H1N1）,which suggested that there were the spread of community-level.With the comprehensive measures of separate therapy,strict morning and noon check and registration of sick leave,strengthening ventilation of classroom and health education,the epidemic situation of influenza A（H1N1） was controlled in time.