金沙牛的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

金沙牛为广东地区常用的习用药材，具有利尿通淋、截疟、软坚消癥、拔毒去腐的功效。近年来，关于金沙牛的化学成分、药理作用研究陆续有报道。金沙牛中主要含有长链脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、多肽、黄酮、生物碱等成分。金沙牛具有抗血栓和抗凝血、增强非特异性免疫和体液免疫、降糖、镇痛抗炎、组织修复等作用。通过对金沙牛的化学成分和药理作用进行综述，以期为其药效物质基础研究、质量标准提升和临床应用提供参考。

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Myrmeleon sp.

Myrmeleon sp. is a commonly used medicinal material in Guangdong Province. It has the effects of diuresis and leaching, anti-malarial, softening, and relieving symptoms, removing poison and removing rot. In recent years, studies on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects of Myrmeleon sp. have been reported one after another. Myrmeleon sp. mainly contains long-chain fatty acids, fatty acid esters, peptides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other ingredients. Myrmeleon sp. has antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects, enhances non-specific immunity, humoral immunity, hypoglycemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue repair effects. This article summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Myrmeleon sp., with a view to its pharmacodynamic material basic research, quality standard improvement, and clinical practice.