新装饰居室内人群个体甲醛接触量的研究

目的 了解新装饰居室内不同人群个体接触空气中甲醛的浓度及其健康效应。方法 在新装饰住宅用被动式采样法对住宅内不同个体进行采样，并用AHMT分光光度法进行个体甲醛接触量分析。结果 人群个体接触室内甲醛量低于室内甲醛对照量。在正常生活和工作情况下，接触室内甲醛的个体中，有77．3％超过一级标准，56．1％超过二级标准，36．4％超过三级标准，其中以中老年组超标最严重。同时，在接触的人群个体中，多数人出现不同程度的眼、鼻、咽刺激及头痛、头晕、睡眠不好、记忆力减退等症状。其中以睡眠不好最严重(43．9％)，眼刺激次之(36．4％)，同时，嗅味刺激也较明显(30．3％)。个体接触甲醛的量与层次和住宅主通风量有关。结论 在新装饰住宅内，暴露人群个体接触甲醛浓度超标严重，对人群健康产生很大的危害。加大住宅主通风面积有助于降低室内甲醛个体接触浓度。

Study on the personal indoor formaldehyde exposure in human in recently decorated rooms

Object To evaluate the air formaldehyde concentration of different personal exposure in the inhabitation decoration lately and its health effect.Methods Passive personal sample was used to sample different persons in the inhabitation decoration lately residences, the standard method(GB/T16127-1995) was used to analyze the formaldehyde personal exposure.Results The personal exposure amount to formaldehyde in normal person is lower than that of control group(indoors group). In normal living and working circumstance, there are 77.3% once in the indoors group. Whose personal exposure amounts is highter than the standard No.1, 56.1% higher than the standard No.2, and 36.4% higher than the standard No.3. We can find that the over-contact case in different ages exists statistical difference, expect the old ones. Massive once in the exposure group occur optical hinal and pharyngeal excitement diagnostic in different coefficient/Headache/dizziness/insomnia amnesia and others diagnostic were also exist. The insomnias was most prominent(43.9%), optical excitement was abound, too(36.4%). At the same time, olfactory excitement diagnostic was obvious, too(30.3%). Personal exposure amount of formaldehyde is in correlative to the layer of building and personal ventilation.Conclusion In the inhabitation decoration lately, the personal exposure amount of formaldehyde is seriously higher than standard. It did great harm to people. Enlarge the area of personal ventilation will decrease the concentration of personal exposure indoors.