人胎视网膜血管结构发育的研究

目的；观察人胎视网膜血管结构发育过程。方法：收集134例12~38周受精龄胎儿和4例成人视网膜，进行整装铺片和切片的免疫组织化学染色检查。结果：①梭形细胞仅存于小于27周胎儿的视网膜内；足月胎儿节细胞层血管仍有出芽．②各阶段胎儿及成人视网膜血管基膜的纤维连接蛋白免疫反应均呈阳性。层粘连蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原免疫反应分别于25周和29周出现在节细胞层血管基膜，并分别在29周和32周开始完全包裹视网膜内已形成的4层血管．③内皮细胞束管道化时管道外即出现平滑肌细胞和周细胞．④4层血管向锯齿缘扩展的同时，内皮细胞外即有星形腔质细胞和Müller细胞突起形成血—视网膜屏障胶质膜。结论：与成人比较，不同阶段胎儿视网膜血管均存在一定的缺陷，到足月时内皮细胞仍处在增殖、迁移状态．（中华眼底病杂志，1997，13：153-156）

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS IN HUMAN FETUSES

PURPOSE:To observe tbe development of structure of the retinal blood vessels in human fetuses. METHODS:The retinas of 134 human fetuses from 12-weeks of fertilization to full term and of 4 adults were collected,and examined with immunohlstoebemical method. RESULTS:The examinations showed:(1)The spindle ceils only existed in the retinas of fetuses<27 weeks. Till full term,the vessels in ganglion cell layer(GCL)was still budding. (2)BM of all arterioles,venules and capillaries within the retinas of all fetuses and adults,was immunostained after exposure to antlsera against fibronectin.The laminin(LN)and type Ⅳ collagen(COL-Ⅳ)immunoreactive product appeared outside tbe endothelial cells of blood vessels in GCL at 25 weeks and 29 weeks,and tile strong LN and COL-Ⅳ immunostaining around four layers of the retinal vessels in tile shape of sbeath appeared at 29 weeks and 32 weeks respectively. (3)As soon as the cords of the endothelial cells were canaized,the smooth muscle cells and perieytes appeared outside the walls. (4)While four layers of the retinal vasculature was spreading to the ora serrata,the glial limitans was formed outside the endothelial cells by the processes of astrocytes and Müller cells. CONCLUSIONS:Comparing with the adults,certain de fleieneies of the structure of the retinal vessels exisl in the human fetus,and tile endnthelial cells in the retina of the full lerm fetus arc still in proliferation and migration.（Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13:153-156）