Receptor regulation of the volume-sensitive efflux of taurine and iodide from human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: differential requirements for Ca(2+) and protein kinase C

The basal (swelling-induced) and receptor-stimulated effluxes of (125)I(-) and taurine have been monitored to determine whether these two osmolytes are released from human SH-SY5Y cells under hypotonic conditions via common or distinct mechanisms. Under basal conditions, both (125)I(-) (used as a tracer for Cl(-)) and taurine were released from the cells in a volume-dependent manner. The addition of thrombin, mediated via the proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) subtype, significantly enhanced the release of both (125)I(-) and taurine (3-6-fold) and also increased the threshold osmolarity for efflux of these osmolytes ("set-point") from 200 to 290 mOsM. Inclusion of a variety of broad-spectrum anion channel blockers and of 4-[(2-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1H-inden-5-yl)oxy]butanoic acid attenuated the release of both (125)I(-) and taurine under basal and receptor-stimulated conditions. Basal release of (125)I(-) and taurine was independent of Ca(2+) or the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). However, although PAR-1-stimulated taurine efflux was attenuated by either a depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) or inhibition of PKC by chelerythrine, the enhanced release of (125)I(-) was independent of both parameters. Stimulated efflux of (125)I(-) after activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors was also markedly less dependent on Ca(2+) availability and PKC activity than that observed for taurine release. These results indicate that, although the osmosensitive release of these two osmolytes from SH-SY5Y cells may occur via pharmacologically similar membrane channels, the receptor-mediated release of (125)I(-) and taurine is differentially regulated by PKC activity and Ca(2+) availability.