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Recurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy despite immune recovery in two HIV seropositive individuals
Authors:Kate M. Crossley  Shruti Agnihotri  Joga Chaganti  Michael L. Rodriguez  Leon Patrick McNally  Nagagopal Venna  Sarah E. Turbett  Matthew Gutman  Adrienne Morey  Igor J. Koralnik  Bruce J. Brew
Affiliation:1.Department of Neurology,St Vincent’s Hospital,Sydney,Australia;2.Division of Neuro Immunology, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research,Beth Deaconess Medical Center,Boston,USA;3.Department of Radiology,St Vincent’s Hospital,Sydney,Australia;4.Department of Neuropathology,St Vincent’s Hospital,Sydney,Australia;5.Department of Molecular Medicine,St Vincent’s Hospital,Sydney,Australia;6.Department of Neurology,Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston,USA;7.Department of Infectious Diseases,Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston,USA;8.Department of Neurosurgery,St Vincent’s Hospital,Sydney,Australia;9.Department of Anatomical Pathology,St Vincent’s Hospital,Sydney,Australia;10.Department of Neurology,St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Australia, also Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit Neurosciences Program, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research,Sydney,Australia;11.Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology,St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Australia, also Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit Neurosciences Program, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research,Sydney,Australia
Abstract:We present two cases of recurrent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with long standing virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and normal CD4+ T cell count who were taking stable regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This has significant implications for other patients with a past history of PML, not just those with HIV but also those on medications such as natalizumab or fumarates.
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