分枝杆菌的多相分类鉴定

分枝杆菌属除麻风分枝杆菌外,主要包括结核分枝杆菌复合群和非结核分枝杆菌.近年来,随着结核病(结核分枝杆菌复合群为其致病菌)的回潮,非结核分枝杆菌感染率由4%急速上升到10%,快速和准确地鉴定它们显得非常重要.在我国非结核分枝杆菌的表型鉴定一直沿用以生化实验为核心的传统鉴定方法,且欠缺数值分类的补充分析.全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱分析这种表型鉴定方法仅在有条件的省份开展.随着分子生物学的发展以及系统发育理论的提出,与之相应的基因分型方法也被用于分枝杆菌属的鉴定.本文详细阐述了系统发育的理论以及应用于非结核分枝杆菌的遗传学分类鉴定方法,即DNA-DNA杂交和16S rDNA基因序列分析.为进一步提高表型鉴定的准确性,又详细介绍了一些用于数值分类的应用软件.总之,多相分类鉴定已被广泛应用于非结核分枝杆菌的分类鉴定中.本文也介绍了一些结核分枝杆菌复合群基因分型鉴定方法及其在结核分子流行病学中的广泛应用.

Polyphasic Taxonomy of Mycobacterium

Except Mycobacterium leprae,mycobacteria were composed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria(NTM).As the emergence of tuberculosis,the incidences caused by NTM have also dramatically increased from 4% to 10%.Thus,it is important to identify them rapidly and accurately.NTM were identified by the conventional biochemical methods all the time,which was short of the complement of numerical taxonomy.The whole cell fatty acid analysis,a phynotype method by gas chromatography,was only used in some provinces.With the development of molecular technique and phylogeny theory,the genotype methods have being used to identify Mycobacterium strains.In this paper,the phylogeny theory and some genotype methods including DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis for the identification of NTM were reviewed.At the same time,in order to further increase the accuracy of NTM identification,some numerical taxonomy software was introduced.In addition,the genotype methods for the identification of Mycobacteria tuberculosis complex and their usage in the tuberculosis molecular epidemiology were also described.