我国突发公共卫生事件风险识别、评价和缓解能力的现状

目的了解我国突发公共卫生事件风险识别、评价和缓解能力的现状。方法采用分层抽样随机抽取4个省(市)作为调查样本,采用卫生部统计信息中心编制的《省/地市级突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价问卷》进行调查。结果共发放问卷66份,问卷回收率为90.91%。58%的地市(州)识别了当地可能发生的突发公共卫生事件,28%的地市(州)对所识别的突发公共卫生事件进行了风险评价,8%的地市(州)对当地易发生事故的厂矿企业及大型设施进行了风险评价,10%的地市(州)根据风险评价结果确定了当地突发公共卫生事件工作重点,10%的地市(州)针对主要突发公共卫生事件制定了专门预防策略,5%的地市(州)对当地居民的脆弱性进行了评估,57%的地市(州)开展过或正在开展应对能力评价工作,4省(市)突发公共卫生事件风险识别、评价和缓解能力的平均标准分为24.05,总体均数的95%置信区间为(18.32,29.77)。结论风险识别、评价和缓解工作在我国的突发公共卫生事件管理中重视程度不够,政府应采取措施提高此方面的应对能力。

Investigation into the Capacity for Risk Identification, Assessment, and Mitigation in Managing Public Health Emergencies in China

Objective To investigate the capacity for risk identification,assessment,and mitigation in public health emergency management in China.Methods Four provinces were randomly selected using stratified sampling.All the municipalities under these four provinces were assessed using the 3rd subscale(Risk Identification,Risk Assessment,and Risk Mitigation)of Preparedness and Response Capacity Questionnaire for Public Health Emergencies Used in Provincial or Municipal Governments,which was developed by the Center for Health Statistics and Information,Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.Results Sixty of 66 questionnaires(90.91%)were collected.Among 60 investigated municipalities,35(58%)identified the potential public health emergencies,17(28%)assessed the risks for the identified emergencies,and 5(8%)conducted risk assessments for the locally accident-prone factories,mines,corporations,and big establishments,6(10%)identified the priorities in public health emergency management based on risk assessment,6(10%)developed special prevention strategies for main public health emergencies,3(5%)assessed the vulnerability of local residents to public health emergencies,and 34(57%)assessed or were assessing the preparedness and response capacity for public health emergencies in the past 2 years.The mean of standard total score for risk identification,assessment,and mitigation was 24.05(95% CI:18.32,29.77).Conclusion Risk identification,assessment,and mitigation still require further improvement in China,and both the central and local authorities should implement more effective and efficient measures.