一种用于动物肝脏减速撞击伤机制研究的装置及实验探讨

目的：构建一种减速撞击装置，对小动物肝脏减速撞击过程中的受力方式进行研究，以便对汽车交通事故中驾乘人员可能存在的肝脏损伤特点进行分析。方法：通过肝脏自身的粘性将其置放于一可移动撞击平台上．此外．无其它约束。之后，使肝脏随同移动平台从一定的高度自由下落并撞击一固定台面。通过对撞击前后的肝脏照片情况进行比对．可以明确肝脏的损伤方式进而确定肝脏的受力方式。结果：在肝脏的减速撞击过程中．在对冲部位出现了明显的撕裂伤，该部位的伤情也是整个肝脏最严重的伤情所在位置。此外，在肝脏的撞击部位未见明显的撕裂伤。提示，在肝脏的减速撞击过程中，其对冲部位受到了相对较大的拉伸应力的作用。讨论：一般而言，生物体软组织的抗拉伸致伤的性能较弱，而其抗压缩致伤的性能相对较好。因此，在肝脏的减速撞击过程中，其对冲部位在较大的拉伸应力的作用下易于损伤并且往往是最严重的损伤发生的部位。结论：该装置可以很方便地应用于肝脏减速撞击损伤机制的研究。在交通事故中，组织器官对冲部位潜在的撕裂伤产生的可能性往往是最大的，这部分组织需要得到更多更有效的保护。因此在后续的研究中，这种损伤的生物力学机制研究应是重点之一。

An Equipment Used to Study the Injury Mechanism in Animal Liver Decelerating Impact with the Experimental Investigation

Objective:To set up an equipment with the function of decelerating impact to investigate the force acting characteristics of chicken liver during its decelerating impact in order to study the possible style of liver injury with driver and passengers in car accidents.Methods:The liver was put on a moveable impacting platform with its own glutinosity and without other restriction.After this,the liver and the moveable platform were made to free fall from a position and impact on a fixed platform.Through comparing the pictures before and after the impact,the injury style of the liver could be described and then the force acting characteristics could also be determined.Results:During the liver decelerating impact,the lacerated injury occurred in its contrecoup site and it was also the most serious injury in all parts of the liver.Besides,there was no clear lacerated injury in the coup site of the liver.That is to say,the contrecoup site of the liver was suffered to a stretching force in its decelerating impact.Discussions:The soft tissue often has weaker anti-stretch strength when compared to its anti-squeeze strength.Therefore,during the decelerating impact,the contrecoup site which was under the force of stretch was often easily injuried and had the most serious wounds.Conclusions:This equipment can be conveniently used to study the injury mechanism of liver decelerating impact.The contrecoup site of organism tissue often has the most serious potential lacerated injury in car accidents and this part of tissue need more effective protection so that the biomechanics of this sort of injury should attract more attention in the future studies.