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Medium-Term Function of a 3D Printed TCP/HA Structure as a New Osteoconductive Scaffold for Vertical Bone Augmentation: A Simulation by BMP-2 Activation
Authors:Mira Moussa  Jean-Pierre Carrel  Susanne Scherrer  Maria Cattani-Lorente  Anselm Wiskott  Stéphane Durual
Affiliation:1.Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University of Geneva, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, 19, rue Barthélemy-Menn, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; E-Mails: (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.C.-L.); (A.W.);2.Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (HUG), University Clinics of Dental Medicine, 19, rue Barthélemy-Menn, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; E-Mail:
Abstract:Introduction: A 3D-printed construct made of orthogonally layered strands of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite has recently become available. The material provides excellent osteoconductivity. We simulated a medium-term experiment in a sheep calvarial model by priming the blocks with BMP-2. Vertical bone growth/maturation and material resorption were evaluated. Materials and methods: Titanium hemispherical caps were filled with either bare- or BMP-2 primed constructs and placed onto the calvaria of adult sheep (n = 8). Histomorphometry was performed after 8 and 16 weeks. Results: After 8 weeks, relative to bare constructs, BMP-2 stimulation led to a two-fold increase in bone volume (Bare: 22% ± 2.1%; BMP-2 primed: 50% ± 3%) and a 3-fold decrease in substitute volume (Bare: 47% ± 5%; BMP-2 primed: 18% ± 2%). These rates were still observed at 16 weeks. The new bone grew and matured to a haversian-like structure while the substitute material resorbed via cell- and chemical-mediation. Conclusion: By priming the 3D construct with BMP-2, bone metabolism was physiologically accelerated, that is, enhancing vertical bone growth and maturation as well as material bioresorption. The scaffolding function of the block was maintained, leaving time for the bone to grow and mature to a haversian-like structure. In parallel, the material resorbed via cell-mediated and chemical processes. These promising results must be confirmed in clinical tests.
Keywords:bone substitute block   3D-printing   BMP-2   animal experiments   guided tissue regeneration   bone regeneration
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