Premature white matter microstructure in female children with a history of concussion |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;2. Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada;3. Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;4. Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada;5. Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada;6. Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada;7. Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Childhood concussion may interfere with neurodevelopment and influence cognition. Females are more likely to experience persistent symptoms after concussion, yet the sex-specific impact of concussion on brain microstructure in children is understudied. This study examined white matter and cortical microstructure, based on neurite density (ND) from diffusion-weighted MRI, in 9-to-10-year-old children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study with (n = 336) and without (n = 7368) a history of concussion, and its relationship with cognitive performance. Multivariate regression was used to investigate relationships between ND and group, sex, and age in deep and superficial white matter, subcortical structures, and cortex. Partial least square correlation was performed to identify associations between ND and performance on NIH Toolbox tasks in children with concussion. All tissue types demonstrated higher ND with age, reflecting brain maturation. Group comparisons revealed higher ND in deep and superficial white matter in females with concussion. In female but not male children with concussion, there were significant associations between ND and performance on cognitive tests. These results demonstrate a greater long-term impact of childhood concussion on white matter microstructure in females compared to males that is associated with cognitive function. The increase in ND in females may reflect premature white matter maturation. |
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| Keywords: | Pediatric Concussion Restriction spectrum imaging Females Cognition |
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