骨髓间充质干细胞复合消旋聚乳酸/明胶修复兔关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的 研究骨髓间充质干细胞（marrow mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）复合消旋聚乳酸（poly-L-lacticacid，PLLA）／明胶修复兔膝关节全层软骨缺损的效果。方法 4～6月龄青紫兰兔36只，体重2．5～3．5kg，雌雄不拘。体外分离培养MSCs，取第2代MSCs种植于PLLA／明胶支架体外复合培养。将36只青紫兰兔制备双侧膝关节全层软骨缺损模型，根据修复方法不同随机分为A、B、C3组（n=12）。A组，将MSCs与PLLA／明胶支架材料复合物植入兔双膝缺损处；B组，将单纯PLLA／明胶支架材料植入兔双膝缺损处；C组，缺损处不作任何处理，作为对照。A、B组在植入时均加入25μg／L转化生长因子β（transforming growth factorp1，TGF-β1）0．4ml。分别于术后4、8和12周，取材行大体、组织学及免疫组织化学染色观察，并将12周大体及组织学标本按照O’driscoll等评分标准进行评分。结果大体观察：术后12周，A组修复组织与正常软骨结合处完整，表面光滑，界限模糊；B、C组缺损处修复组织呈纤维组织或无修复，表面不平整或呈虫蚀样改变。组织学观察：A组术后4周，细胞数较多，呈梭形、圆形或椭圆形；8周修复组织与周围软骨大部分结合，细胞呈圆形，以透明软骨样细胞为主，有软骨陷窝，表层有梭形纤维样细胞；12周修复组织细胞为透明软骨样细胞，柱状排列，与周围软骨及软骨下骨整合良好；B组，术后4～8周细胞数较少，细胞层次排列差；12周修复组织菲薄，呈纤维软骨样，基质染色接近正常；C组，术后4～8周缺损组织由薄层纤维组织覆盖；12周缺损区纤维组织进一步增厚，与周围软骨未结合。免疫组织化学染色显示，A组修复组织Ⅱ型胶原染色呈阳性，B组呈弱阳性，C组无表达。术后12周大体观察总评分，A、B及C组分别为2．75±0．89、4．88±1．25和7．38±1．18，A组优于B、C组，B组优于C组，且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；组织学观察总评分，A、B及C组分别为3．88±1．36、8．38±1．06和13．13±1．96，A组与B、C组以及B组与C组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 应用软骨组织工程原理，以PLLA／明胶为支架材料复合自体MSCs移植是一种修复软骨缺损行之有效的方法。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON REPAIR OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEFECTS WITH HOMOGRAFT OF MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS SEEDED ONTO POLY-L-LACTIC ACID/GELATIN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of homograft of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded onto poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/gelatin on repair of articular cartilage defects. METHODS: The MSCs derived from 36 Qingzilan rabbits, aging 4 to 6 months and weighed 2.5-3.5 kg were cultured in vitro and seeded onto PLLA/gelatin. The MSCs/PLLA/gelatin composite was cultured and transplanted into full thickness defects on intercondylar fossa. Thirty-six healthy Qingzilan rabbits were made models of cartilage defects in the intercondylar fossa. These rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to the repair materials with 12 in each group: group A, MSCs and PLLA/gelatin complex (MSCs/PLLA/gelatin); group B, only PLLA/gelatin; and group C, nothing. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, the gross, histological and immunohistochemical observations were made, and grading scales were evaluated. RESULTS: At 12 weeks after transplantation, defect was repaired and the structures of the cartilage surface and normal cartilage was in integrity. The defects in group A were repaired by the hyline-like tissue and defects in groups B and C were repaired by the fibrous tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cells in the zones of repaired tissues were larger in size, arranged columnedly, riched in collagen II matrix and integrated satisfactorily with native adjacent cartilages and subchondral bones in group A at 12 weeks postoperatively. In gross score, group A (2.75 +/- 0.89) was significantly better than group B (4.88 +/- 1.25) and group C (7.38 +/- 1.18) 12 weeks after operation, showing significant differences (P < 0.05); in histological score, group A (3.88 +/- 1.36) was better than group B (8.38 +/- 1.06) and group C (13.13 +/- 1.96), and group B was better than group C, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells seeded onto PLLA/gelatin is a promising way for the treatment of cartliage defects.