Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in the Women’s Health Initiative |
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Authors: | Melissa M. Melough Shaowei Wu Wen-Qing Li Charles Eaton Hongmei Nan Linda Snetselaar |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA;2. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China;3. Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;4. Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;5. Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA;6. IU Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA;7. Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA |
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Abstract: | AbstractCitrus products are rich sources of furocoumarins, a class of photoactive compounds. Certain furocoumarins combined with ultraviolet radiation can induce skin cancer. We examined the relationship between citrus consumption and cutaneous melanoma risk among 56,205 Caucasian postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of melanoma by citrus intake level. During a mean follow-up of 15.7?years, 956 incident melanoma cases were documented. In multivariable adjusted models, the HR (95% CI) for melanoma was 1.12 (0.91, 1.37) among the highest citrus consumers (1.5+ servings/day of fruit or juice) versus the lowest (<2 servings/week), 0.95 (0.76, 1.20) among the highest citrus fruit consumers (5+ servings/week) versus non-consumers, and was 1.13 (0.96, 1.32) for the highest citrus juice consumers (1+ servings/day) versus the lowest (<1 serving/week). In stratified analyses, an increased melanoma risk associated with citrus juice intake was observed among women who spent the most time outdoors in summer as adults; the HR for the highest versus lowest intake was 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) (p trend = 0.03). Further research is needed to explore the association of melanoma with citrus juices among women with high sun exposure. |
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