成都市区1486名女性大、中学生进食障碍的 现况调查

目的 探讨女性大、中学生进食障碍的患病率及其相关因素.方法 采用最优分配分层整群随机抽样法从成都市区抽取大学6所、普通高中1所、普通中专1所、成人中专2所、职业高中1所、初中3所,共1486名女性大、中学生,采用进食障碍问卷、体像障碍量表、抑郁自评量表、贝克焦虑自评量表、自编调查问卷进行现场调查.采用t检验和logistic回归分析数据.结果 成都市女性大、中学生进食障碍估计患病率3.32%;各年龄组中17岁组估计患病率最高(7.16%);各学龄阶段中高中组最高(5.21%).进食障碍倾向组在认识偏差(P=0.009)、期望偏差(P=0.000)方面均比非进食障碍倾向组得分高.关注减肥相关媒体宣传、童年时父母关系紧张、童年时受虐待、进食障碍问卷的不满体型因子、内感受意识因子及焦虑是进食障碍倾向的相关危险因素.结论 进食障碍在女性大、中学生中估计患病率较高,应积极干预.

A cross-sectional investigation on eating disorders in 1486 female students from universities, senior high schools and junior high schools in Chengdu

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of eating disorders and its correlated factors in female students of universities, senior high schools and junior high schools. METHODS: A total of 1486 female students took part in the study. They were sampled by optimum distributing delaminating grouping method, representing the female students in 6 universities and 8 high schools in the 5 urban areas in Chengdu. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Body Mass Index-based Silhouette Matching Test (BMI-SMT), Self-rating Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and a self-administered questionnaire in the class time. We performed the t test and logistic regression to analysis the data. RESULTS: The estimated total prevalence of eating disorders in the female students was 3.32%. 17 years old (7.16%) was the easiest age to develop eating disorders while in senior high school (5.21%) showing the highest prevalence rate. There were differences between the eating disorders tendency group and none eating disorders tendency group in cognitive warp (P = 0.009) and expectation warp (P = 0.000) of BMI-SMT. The related factors of eating disorders were: concerning about the idol at media, non-harmonious parental relationships and being abused in childhood, body dissatisfaction factor of EDI, interoceptive awareness factor of EDI and anxiety. CONCLUSION: The total prevalence of female students' eating disorders in Chengdu was high and more attention should be paid to them on their mental health.